Finding Hope and Courage Through Faith - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 758 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Faith Essay Did you like this example? When people go through a series of misfortunate events, they turn to believe in a universal power or put their faith in God. Having a strong belief in someone or something helps overcome everyday struggles. It makes people mentally stronger to be able to handle hardships. In the memoirs Every Falling Star and How Dare the Sun Rise, both Sungju Lee and Sandra Uwiringiyimana conquer fear and survival through developing hope and courage by turning to their faith while going through hardships. In both memoirs, the characters open up to God for the first time when they are in the need of survival. In Every Falling Star, Sungju was never exposed to the idea of praying to a higher power. He first sees his mother praying after his father leaves to china, so he asks, ?What does praying mean? (Lee 75). This reveals the lack of knowledge Sungju has towards the significance of praying at first. His mother and Sungju are struggling for food and are worried about his dad. His mother replies, some people talk to a higher power, a universal power, an energythat higher power listens and answers what we ask of it. We speak to that power in the form of prayers,(Lee 75). After his father left for China, the only way they believed they could communicate with him was through this universal power. This gave Sungju the urge to learn how to pray, so he can communicate with his dad which built hope in him that his father is safe wherever he is. His desire to have faith in a universal power help s him have hope that he will eventually meet his family again. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Finding Hope and Courage Through Faith" essay for you Create order This hope allowed him to continue to strive and survive as a kotjebi. In How Dare the Sun Rise, Sandra starts putting faith in God when her family is struggling to survive because of the discrimination towards her tribe. Sandra says, I began to open myself to the idea of Gods helpMy faith began to deepenI put my faith in God,(Uwiringiyimana 94). She opens herself up to God and begins praying. Sandras faith helps her throughout her journey by building hope and courage towards many things, such as moving to a different country. Her decision on putting her faith in God lets her build courage. The courage that she gained from her faith helped in many situations including her flashbacks. Both characters turn to their faith when they are in fear. In Every Falling Star, Sungju states, One morning after I awoke screaming from a nightmare in which I saw a strange white creature, half man, half monster, with fire for wings, I asked my mother to teach me how to pray,(Lee 76). Sungju feared getting these terrible dreams again, so instead, he started praying. Praying to this universal power that he believes in made all his fears disappear and made him gain courage and mental strength. Similarly, in How Dare the Sun Rise, Sandra faces fear during the massacre when she is unable to know whether her family members are alive. Sandra says, I prayed to god. ?If you keep my parents alive, I will be good I promised.I kept praying. I begged god to please let us all survive,(Uwiringiyimana 9). Sandra prays to god when she fears that her parents might have been killed during the massacre. She feels lonely and she is traumatized by all the blood. Praying to God during this fearful time helped her gain confidence that she and her family can survive the massacre. It also gave her the courage to keep running and trying to survive the massacre. For many people, faith isnt very easy to obtain. In both memoirs, Sungju and Sandra start praying to their God when they are in the need of survival. They also depend on faith to overcome fear. The faith that both the characters gain helps them throughout their journey. Sungju uses his faith as a support when he is a kotjebi and Sandra uses hers when she has a hard time in college. Sungju still has hope today that he will find his family back in North Korea, and Sandra gained the courage to talk about her experiences to inform other people in the world. Faith gives people hope and courage, it gives them the mental strength to handle any situation that arises. Works Cited Lee, Sungju and McClelland, Susan. Every Falling Star. New York: Amulet Books, 2016. Uwiringiyimana, Sandra and Pesta, Abigail. How Dare the Sun Rise. New York: Katherine Tegen Books, 2017.

The Taming Of The Shrew - 1313 Words

The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy/love story written by Shakespeare between 1590 and 1592. However, in the current era with new beliefs of men and women’s roles, The Taming of The Shrew is seen as pure misogyny. The plot of the play follows the idea that Bianca, the youngest daughter, is a beautiful young girl with lots of male attention and is eager to wed, though her wealthy father will not allow it until her older hot-tempered sister also has a suitor. Many modern films has been made on this famous Shakespearean play, including; Taming of the Shrew directed by Franco Zeffirelli, 1967. The film is a filmic rendering of the play. 10 things I hate about you, 1999, is a loose adaptation of the play, directed by Gil Junger. 10 Things is a†¦show more content†¦This is shown when she throws a stool at Gremio and Hortensio for saying she is too hard for a husband and needs to be milder and gentler. When Petruchio comes to Padua to find a wife, he is not interested in loo ks or personality, he comes only looking for money. As he goes to Katerina’s home to ask Baptista for her hand in marriage, one of the most important settlements Petruchio wants to agree on is the dowry he receives from the marriage. At first Katerina is completely against the marriage and attempts to say no at the wedding although he kisses her before she can speak. At Bianca’s wedding, Katerina claims, â€Å"...Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee†¦ And when she is froward, peevish, sullen, sour and not obedient to his honest will, What is she but a foul contending rebel?† She does this to describe a woman s role. This shows, despite the starvation, sleep deprivation, and overall mistreatment Petruchio gives to Katerina, she is eventually â€Å"tamed† by him and becomes submissive to his misogynistic views. Kat from 10 Things I Hate About You, is an independent, likable and head strong girl who cannot stand misogyny or sexism. In the first scene of the film, Kat’s personality is displayed as she pulls up at the lights in her old car blaring loud music next to a group of girls in their convertible singing along to the radio. Kat is an opinionated character, however, compared to Katerina sheShow MoreRelatedThe Taming Of The Shrew1180 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 1600s, William Shakespeare wrote the play The Taming of the Shrew. This play has been well-known throughout the ages. The play has been adapted into film and the two most popular version of it are The Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You. The movie The Taming of the Shrew was released in 1967, while the newer version came out as, 10 Things I Hate About You which was released in 1999. Even though these two variations are based off the same play they have many similaritiesRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew was written somewhere between 1592 an d 1594 (Bevington 2). Taming of the Shrew’s titular theme is Petruchio â€Å"taming† his shrewish wife, Katharina, which was a common theme for plays during Elizabethan England. However, the play delves so much deeper into their relationship than just focusing on a male’s forced submission of a female. In fact, The Taming of the Shrew offers a sophisticated opinion on how a married couple should interact. Petruchio’s grand scheme of how he willRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1132 Words   |  5 PagesIn order for two comparative texts to develop ones understanding of shared themes and ideas they must over come the boundaries of differing contexts and explore the strong parallels between them. Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† (1590-1592) was composed during the Elizabethan era in contrast to Gil Junger’s â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You† (1999) set around 1990s America. Although the diverse time periods their correlating plots are indicators of appropriation and pronounce an intertextualRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare is a rich play for interpretation mainly because of its controversial content, due to the of power dynamics of Petruchio and Katharina. I chose to stage The Taming of the Shrew because I found the storyline engaging and I felt that the play would be able to be staged nontraditionally while continuing to retain its storyline and original language. For my production I would like Katharina and Petruchio to be in their late teens around 16 to 19 years oldRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew, the main character, Katharina Minola is portrayed as a shrew. Her behavior emanated from the fact that a father who treated her with indifference raised her and there was a lack of a motherly influence in her life. â€Å"Shakespeare sketches her character with a depth the typical shrew lacks† (â€Å"The Taming and Comic Tradition† 1) so her behavior is a defense mechanism used to protect herself from rejection. Katharina â€Å"is aggressive and belligerent, butRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew934 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew introduces the audience to the Elizabethan era. The mindset of the people in this era might be hard to grasp for the modern reader. The demeaning treatment and subsequent submission of women i s a constant theme in the play. During this era, women were meant to obedient, submissive, and compliant to their husband. Katherine Minola, the daughter of Baptista defies society’s standards and is known for her outspokenness and thus labeled a â€Å"shrew.† Due to her aggressiveRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesKatharina, also known as Kate, is the main protagonist and her fiery personality is the focal point of the Shakespeare play, â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†. Her outspoken and quick-witted disposition is at odds with polite society thus earning her the offensive moniker ‘Shrew’, which essentially means a bad-tempered despicable old hag. Contrary to belief, she is, for the most part, an opinionated woman who has the courage to speak those opinions loudly to men that would prefer she’d be quiet. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1023 Words   |  5 PagesKristine Lieu Mr. Smith English 2, Period 1 02 March 2016 The Taming of the Shrew Introduction What happens when two fouled tongue and short tempered human beings gets married and try to get dominate each other? In the play, The Taming of the Shrew, by William Shakespeare, the shrew, Katherine is compelled to marry the severe Petruchio, whose ravenousness for Katherine s settlement is coordinated just by his nonchalance for her contentious mentality. To start with, Katherine is unwilling to complyRead MoreTaming of the Shrew866 Words   |  4 PagesTaming of the shrew The Taming of the shrew was just one of William Shakespeares 4 great comedies. Taming of the shrew is based on a king named Baptista who had two daughters named Katherina and Bianca. Both daughters had arranged marriages by there father. Since Katherina was older she had to get married first. Her father chose Petruchio for her to marry. Katherina did not want to get married to Pertuchio, but Katherina did not have a choice. Katherina was very disobedient at the begging ofRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1108 Words   |  5 PagesJude Brooks-Benham, The Taming of the Shrew Shakespeare s The Taming of the Shrew focuses not only on the roles of the sexes, but also plays with the varying social roles found in society from head of the house to foot of the house. Tranio finds himself at the bottom of this social ladder, a servant to Lucentio. However Tranio employs his wit and cunning to raise his status at the expense of his master. Tranio is a manipulative intellectual who uses persuasive rhetoric and wit to distract Lucentio

Pharmacology The Concept of Alzheimer Disease

Question: Describe about the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Answer: Lay Summary The discussion topic here is focused on application of animal models to understand the concept of Alzheimers disease and its underlying pathogenesis. In researches of human disease, animal models help the researchers with better understanding of the disease process without harming or adding risk to an actual human individual. No transgenic models mimics exact human behavior, yet the capacity to study comparable pathological progressions inside living individuals have offered various insights into ailment mechanisms and chances to analyze therapeutic agents. Alzheimers is considered as a common form of dementia, which causes complications with behavior, thinking and memory (Zarka, 2011). Indications develop slowly and become worse eventually and also start interfering with the daily activities. In a lay man language this disease can also be termed as memory loss and loss of other intellectual capabilities that are severe enough to obstruct daily life activities (Holford, 2005). It is not considered as a normal measurement of aging, yet greatest identified risk aspect is rising age and most of the affected individuals are 65years old or even older. Alzheimers affected individual generally survives for almost eight years after their indications become noticeable. Current treatments related with the Alzheimers cannot stop this disease from progressing. These therapies can temporarily slow down the worsening affects of dementia indications and develop patients life quality and also the life quality of the care provider. Scientific Summary Recent advancements of biotechnology have helped the scientists immensely to think about such concept of designing animal models which can assist to understand and analyze the basic reason behind a particular human disease. With the help of recombinant DNA technology, the concept of knockout mice has been originated. These are considered as the most important animal models for examining the function of genes. These genes are sequenced, but their functions are not determined. In knockout mice the gene of interest is inactivated purposely and after that the difference is observed by comparing with the normal pathology. Thus, this type of animal model helps researchers to predict probable function of that particular gene of interest. Over expression of amyloid precursor proteins contribute to the accumulation and production of beta amyloid into plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. By manipulating genes production of the distinctive neuro-pathological lesions inside animal gives raise to the progressive neurodegeneration and sometimes related behavioral disruptions are identified within AD patients. Knock out models of AD related proteins have been developed to illustrate the indigenous role of the genes and analyze if pathogenesis is because of loss of genetic function or poisonous increase of function within the system. Pathology of Alzheimers disease comprises three consistent neuropathological characteristics. These are amyloid-rich senile plaques, neuronal degeneration and neurofibrillary tangles. Acetylcholine is considered as a vital neurotransmitter in the portions of brain, which participate in the formation of memory. Loss of acetylcholine activity shows an association with Alzheimers disease severity. Drugs that are used to treat this disease work by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase (Casadesus, 2011). These inhibitors block esterase arbitrated metabolism of acetylcholine to acetate and choline. This gives rise to the increased amount of acetylcholine within synaptic cleft and augmented acetylcholine availability for presynaptic and postsynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Apolipoprotein E4 on 19chromosome shows late commencement of Alzhimers disease. Apolipoprotein E4 allele increase the risk and reduce the age of commencement of this disease in dose ass ociated fashion. Transgenic animal models have helped the researchers to obtain the basic and the most important information associated with Alzheimers disease. Introduction Alzheimers disease is said to be common reason of dementia among the aged people, who are 65years old and even older (Perry, 2013). It affects almost 10% people over 65years of age and 50% people over 85years of age. Almost 4million Alzheimers patients are present in the United States itself and fourth leading reason of death in United States (Alz.org, 2015). Overwhelmingly most of the AD patients are cared at home by their friends and family members. Annual treatment of this disease costs almost $100billion (Alz.org, 2015). Projected prevalence of Alzheimers disease; Progress of Alzheimers disease; source: (Samakashvili et al., 2011) Alzheimers disease develops through different stages; source: (Samakashvili et al., 2011) Alzheimers disease is considered as a neurological brain disorder, which is irreversible and progressive. According to the scientists no single cause is present for this disease. It is probably the consequence of a blend of inter-associated factors, comprising genetic aspects that are inherited along with family lines and influences from the environment that range from an early head injury to educational level to individuals understanding near the beginning in life. Now-a-days, life style factors are also thought to be associated with this disease, for instance: dietary habits, high cholesterol, and higher level of blood pressure that may influence individuals risk of this disease. It is a common type of dementia tracked by dementia with Lewy bodies and vascular dementia (Kwon and Choi, 2013). Assessment of this disease includes informant history, functional and physical assessment, brain imaging and focused labs. Initial treatments objectives comprise improve life quality, function maximization by developing behavior, mood and cognition. Treatment can be applied non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Community resourced need to be applied to support the care providers, family members and patients (Gauthier, 2012). Non pharmacological factors include cognitive enhancement, individual therapy and group therapy, regular appointments, communication with care providers and family members, safety attention and environmental modification (Birbaumer, 2011). Pharmacological factors include cholinesterase inhibitors, for example: galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine; other cognitive enhancers comprise ginko biloba, vitamin E, NSAIDs and estrogen; antipsychotics and antidepressants. Symptom management of this disease may include sun-downing, hallucinations, delusions or psychoses, hypersexuality, sleep disturbances and aggression. Stages of Alzheimers disease Stage1. Normal: mentally healthy individual. Stage2. Aged forgetfulness: individuals more than 65years of age experience subjective criticisms of functional and cognitive complications (Dash and Villemarette-Pittman, 2005). Stage3. Little cognitive impairment: the capability to carry out executive works becomes compromised; for those individuals who are working their performance may turn down. Stage4. Mild Alzheimers: most general functioning deficit is decreased ability to deal with complicated activities of daily life, such as: capability to manage accounts and to arrange foods for guests and many more. Stage5. Moderate Alzheimers: shows a decrease in the capacity to select appropriate clothing to wear for different weather conditions and daily occasions or situations. Stage6. Moderately serious Alzheimers: capacity to carry out basic daily living activities becomes compromised. Stage7. Severe Alzheimers: the sufferers need continuous support with basic daily living activities for survival. The diagnostic tests for this disease include medical history: an interview session to recognize pre-medical complications; physical examination: assessments of heart, lungs, sight and hearing, pulse reading, blood pressure and temperature; neuropsychological examinations: physicians use different assessment tools to evaluate problem-solving, memory, vision-motor coordination, attention and theoretical thinking, for example: calculating simple calculation without the help of any pen, paper or calculator and brain imaging scan: CT scans and MRI illustrate the brain structure and are applied to exclude blood clots or tumors inside the brain as the cause for indications. Most of the genes associated with human disease are owned by evolutionary conserved paths that are found in simple organisms, for example: Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. These pathways and genes of the simpler organisms can be pharmacologically and genetically manipulated to understand mechanism and function in a better way and also the way these genes are linked with the pathogenesis of various ailments (Birbaumer, 2011). These manipulations can be carried out frequently in worms and flies than in mammals. And can be performed quite rapidly and produce high quality information which are translatable to the mammalian organizations. Other qualities are also present which make these organisms typically well suited for human disease study. For example: constructing in vivo disease structures which can help clarify basic systems underlying disease, because in vitro examinations do not always represent normal physiological complexity related to different diseases. Ani mal models, especially invertebrate models are comparatively inexpensive, have little lifespan, easy to experiment with and often have stereotypical and well characterized development. Precisely understanding the etiopathogenic systems of different neurodegenerative disorders are considered as crucial step for improving disease modifying medicines that are capable to prevent the disease emergence or slow disease progression. Animal replicas contribute to amplify the knowledge on the neurodegerative disease pathophysiology. These animal models mimic various aspects of stated disease, in addition to the main symptoms and histopathological lesions. Though the advanced animal models have helped greatly to understand the Alzheimers disease pathogenesis, lack of knowledge regarding the cause of this disease makes it complicated to structure an AD featuring model, which hinders the characterization and discovery of efficient drugs. At present, most employed animal prototypes are developed depend on recognized genetic mutations associated with the Alzheimers disease. Nevertheless, almost more than 90% cases are sporadic and the fundamental causes are not known (Casadesus, 2011). Hence, the genetic based models do not summarize all the features associated with sporadic Alzheimers disease and do not even cover all the factors, which may influence the etiopathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimers disease, for example: apolipoprotein E. Other complicating factors are that AD animal models do not display wide-ranging neuronal cell loss that is observed in human Alzheimer patients. Amyloid beta or A is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD; hence AD rodent models are designed by intracerebral infusion of amyloid beta peptides. Direct intracerebral amyloid beta peptide injection causes memory deficit and learning deficits, along with neuropathological lterations, which resemble human Alzheimers disease, microglial activation, inflammation and restricted loss of cells (Lee and Lim, 2010). The infusion rodent model allows scientists to administer identified levels of specific amyloid beta species of recognized length and sequence, before waiting for aging process for the construction of pathological alterations within transgenic animal models. Infusion models are very much helpful for pre-clinical testing of drugs as the models can give experimental outcomes, comprising the pathology of plaque in a time-frame of few weeks. Nevertheless the administered A concentration is higher than A concentration found within the brain of Alzheimer affected individuals, leading to the alterations of the brain, which surpass the aging effct on Alzheimers disease progression. On the other hand, genetically altered mice over expressiong amyloid beta 42 or APP accumulate amyloid beta plaques and soluble amyloid beta oligomers in an age dependant way (Jagust, 2009). These APP models show progressive amyloid beta deposition in neuritic plaques, diffuse plaques, astrocytosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neurotransmission alterations, mild hippocampal atrophy, microgliosis, behavioral and cognitive deficits. Review and Discussion The article Neurodegeneration and Alzheimers disease: the lesson from tauopathies by G. Sorrentino and V. Bonavita (2007) is one of the very significant articles that critically examines the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis which is generally considered to be a decisive factor in Alzheimers disease (Sorrentino and Bonavita, 2007). This article further throws light on the apoptotic mechanisms that are considered as the connecting links which A deposition and proteolysis of tau. The primary objective of this article is to situate the morphology factors which characterize the more general neurodegen. The hypothesis of Amyloid Cascade basically suggests that the main event in the Alzheimers disease is the deposition of the fibrils of -amyloid protein (A). The authors objected to this hypothesis on the ground that this particular hypothesis is weak when correlated to the plaque load and severity of dementia. According to the authors the correlation between dementia and synaptic loss depict that the Alzheimers disease may be considered under the synaptic failure. The authors further state that the significant factor that can be extracted from the studies of mutations in the domestic form of fronto-temporal dementia would be the mutation which is enough to cause neuronal loss. Most of the data observations suggest one such model of Alzheimers disease which as a result of the overproduction and minimized clearance of A deposition. This however is considered as an early event in pathogenic sequence. There is wide amount of data available that suggest that the apoptotic mechanism tend to represent the link between proteolysis of tau and the A deposition. Jointly, all these observations indicate that in the model of AD where the excessive production or the minimized clearance of the A results in a flow of events which lead to direct neuronal loss or loss resulting from changes in the tau. With regard to experimenting with the animal models there exists a huge line of evidence that join to show the soluble oligomers of A, however it does not demonstrate the insoluble amyloid fibrils. These soluble oligomers of A are sometimes responsible for the synaptic dysfunction that generally takes place in the brains of the animal models. The article conducted a study to further show that the tau expression had given NFT pathology certain amount of neuronal loss as well as behavioral deficiency. Nevertheless, it needs to be kept in mind that when this source of tau was concealed there was an improvement in the memory that was observed when there was a progress in the NFT pathology. As a result of these observations, in the animal model the neuro degeneration is observed to be caused due to an oligomeric or a pre-tangle tau and not by the NFTs themselves. Looking from this point of NFT can be considered as an indicator of damage which has already been done rather than the direct pathogen which is viewed as the A plaques by most scientists. Hence it can be stated that the article even though deals primarily with the missing link also closely analyses the results on the animal models. Scientists Peter T. Nelson et al. (2009) have conducted an animal model study to reveal a complicated association between cognitive impairment and neuropathology in Alzheimers disease (Nelson, Braak and Markesbery, 2009). It is known worldwide that neurofibrillry tangles and plaques are pathological hallmarks of this disease. Controversies are present about the application of present AD diagnostic criteria and whether neurofibrillry tangles and plaques are involved in cognitive impairment. According to them neither pathological nor clinical features for Alzheimers disease develop in a direct manner. They have discussed about patients with medical dementia with no amyloid plaques and neurofibrillry tangles and also if individuals with no cognitive impairment can have severe Alzheimers type pathological assessments at autopsy. The clinicopathological studies need suppositions regarding pathologoical substrates. They have suggested that neurofibrillry tangles and plaques may not be path ogenetic. These abnormalities could also be a neuroprotective response to different disease stimuli, for example: inflammation or oxidative stress (Lefterov, 2009). Neither the inflammatory brain complication nor oxidative stresses have been demonstrated to stimulate neurofibrillry tangles in animal models. All the nervous cells and non-nerve cells may react to inflammation and oxidative stress, sometimes with different extent. The researchers have interpreted qualitative pathological evaluations and genetic evidence of Alzheimers brains, typically the pathology of the neurofibrillry tangles, which appears to invade upon and distort normal cell components to specify toxic than other protective function. They have concluded that the association of cognitive impairment along with tangles and plaques with is complicated in Alzheimers but rational. Soluble oligomeric amyloid beta species formed by 1-30 amyloid beta amino acids associate better than the plaques along with cognitive impai rment in transgenic mice that are Alzheimers affected and humans (Lefterov, 2009). The loss of synaptic responses which might be brought about by neurotoxic effect of soluble amyloid beta oligomers and tau pathology is said to be directly associated with cognitive impairment. Mice that overproduce amylod beta protein do not exhibit neurofibrillary tangles. Nevertheless, amyloid beta pathology can trigger kinases, down-regulate phosphatases and damage the degradation of tau. These mechanisms lead to tau pathology. As a result, great challenges are present further on to develop next generation animal models to efficiently assist the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. References Alz.org, (2015).Latest Facts Figures Report | Alzheimer's Association. [online] Available at: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_facts_and_figures.asp [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Birbaumer, N. (2011). Alzheimer's disease patients' cognitive functions are enhanced following a new non-invasive non-pharmacological treatment.Alzheimer's Dementia, 7(4), p.S669. Casadesus, G. (2011).Handbook of animal models in Alzheimer's disease. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Dash, P. and Villemarette-Pittman, N. (2005).Alzheimer's disease. New York, N.Y.: Demos. Gauthier, S. (2012). Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's Dementia, 8(4), p.P2. Holford, P. (2005).Alzheimers prevention plan. Jagust, W. (2009). Will Neuroimaging help us understand Alzheimer's disease?.Alzheimer's Dementia, 5(4), p.P1. Kwon, J. and Choi, N. (2013). Binswanger-type vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) and vascular dementia (VaD).Alzheimer's Dementia, 9(4), pp.P788-P789. Lee, C. and Lim, H. (2010). Altered visuospatial working memory process in patients with Alzheimer's disease: fMRI investigation.Alzheimer's Dementia, 6(4), p.S285. Lefterov, I. (2009). Role of Abca1, ApoE and ApoA-I in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: Lessons from complex animal models.Alzheimer's Dementia, 5(4), p.P168. Nelson, P., Braak, H. and Markesbery, W. (2009). Neuropathology and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer Disease.Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 68(1), pp.1-14. Perry, G. (2013).Alzheimers disease. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Samakashvili, S., Ibez, C., Sim, C., Gil-Bea, F., Winblad, B., Cedazo-Mnguez, A. and Cifuentes, A. (2011). Analysis of chiral amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid samples linked to different stages of Alzheimer disease.ELECTROPHORESIS, 32(19), pp.2757-2764. Sorrentino, G. and Bonavita, V. (2007). Neurodegeneration and Alzheimers disease: the lesson from tauopathies.Neurological Sciences, 28(2), pp.63-71. Zarka, H. (2011).Alzheimers. [Kbh.]: Korridor.

L Lawliet Biography Essay Sample free essay sample

L Lawliet ( ) . [ 3 ] widely known by the missive L ( Eru? ) . is the chief adversary in the manga and anime series Death Noteby Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata. Considered the world’s greatest investigator. he lives in secretiveness. During the narrative. he acts as the chief adversary to Light Yagami. otherwise known as the mass-murderer â€Å"Kira† . However. his popularity as a character inspired the release of a spin-off live-action filmL: Change the World and a fresh adaptation of said movie where he is the chief supporter. The character of L is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi in the Zanzibar copal. and portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the movies Death Note. Death Note: The Last Name and L: Change the World. He is dubbed by Alessandro Juliani across the English-language media. Since his debut in the series. L’s character has been praised by several manga and anime referees. Creation and constructTsugumi Ohba. the authors of the series. We will write a custom essay sample on L Lawliet Biography Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page created L to stand for justness. as a â€Å"super detective† who stands in Light’s manner. Since Ohba believed the narrative would non keep much involvement if L were significantly older than Light. the character was created as a immature grownup. For L’s name. he wanted to utilize a individual missive with a batch of significance ; he considered â€Å"I† and â€Å"J† . but finally chose â€Å"L† after careful consideration. [ 4 ] The assumed name of â€Å"Ryuzaki† was given to him because of a old liquidator L had captured. who went by the name of â€Å"Rue Ryuzaki. † Ohba said that he left everything about L’s character design to Takeshi Obata. creative person of the series. Obata asked Ohba if L could be â€Å"unattractive† . Afterwards Ohba included thoughts in his thumbnails. including L’s mode of sitting. â€Å"he’s English† . and â€Å"he’s listless† . Ohba added inside in formations sing L’s idiosyncrasy and his involvements in Sweets. Ohba credits Obata for the character designs. [ 5 ] Obata commented that L’s thumbnails by Ohba had no bags under his eyes. and that he had a â€Å"plain face with no expression† which was really utile. Obata drew L as an â€Å"attractive immature man† until chapter 11. when the character appeared in individual. After chapter 11 he decided to contrast his visual aspect with Light’s visual aspect ; Obata and Ohba shared this thought. [ 6 ] Obata said that. during the development of the early manga chapters. he feared that L would look â€Å"so leery that Light would cognize immediately it was L if they of all time met† . When Obata’s editor told him that he wanted L to hold a face â€Å"looking cool based on the angle† . Obata added black bags under L’s eyes. Obata cited Devilman’s Akira Fudou when saying that he believed that black bags were appealing. In add-on. Obata idea of a â€Å"dead eyes† construct. which involved L holding â€Å"all-black eyes† and â€Å"mostly no eyebrows† . Obata believes that black eyes normally makes a character goofier. but the bags â€Å"sharpen the character’s gaze† . Obata believes that the design evokes â€Å"a feeling of mystery† and that the reader can non find L’s t rue ideas. Obata besides said that the bags under L’s eyes were utile for animating guess about his life style and background. The outfit Obata designed for L was a â€Å"simple† white. long-sleeved shirt and denims. to convey that L does non set thought into taking his vesture. In Death Note 13: How to Read. Ohba presented an initial rough bill of exchange of L and said that. with a â€Å"cool expression† and without the bags under his eyes. L looked like a different individual. [ 6 ] Obata stated that the curious traits exhibited by L are best revealed â€Å"gradually† . Obata added that if he drew L eating â€Å"mountains of sweets† before uncovering his face. he would non hold â€Å"much credibleness as a ace detective† and people would inquire if he was â€Å"crazy† . [ 7 ] Both Ohba and Obata chose L as their favourite character from the series. with the former observing him as the â€Å"strongest† character in the series besides Light. and the latter due to â€Å"appearance. personality. everything† . Obata said that he could neer hold created a character like L and that he enjoyed pulling him. [ 8 ] Obata added that because of this. L was non â€Å"real† to him and that he liked that facet of th e character. [ 9 ] L’s combat manner has been described as similar to capoeira. However. Obata has denied sing this when pulling L’s battles. stating that he was believing of the most effectual manner to kick person whilst handcuffed. He added that if the manner resembles capoeira. so this â€Å"adds another component to it† and â€Å"that makes me happy† . [ 6 ] When planing colour book covers Obata assigned colourss to characters to â€Å"get the atmosphere right† ; gold was assigned to L. [ 10 ] Film version Matsuyama had problem portraying L and worried about his public presentation. He reasoned that L seldom interacted with others. and so depicted him as if he did non â€Å"quite understand other people on an emotional level† . Describing himself as â€Å"not really flexible physically† . Matsuyama had problem emulating L’s positions. [ 11 ] He besides ate Sweets like those that L would eat. and considered the inside informations of L’s signature gestures. [ 12 ] Matsuyama said that he and Tatsuya Fujiwara. the histrion portraying Light. became â€Å"so immersed† in their character portraitures that they did non talk to one another piece on the set ; when shooting ceased they conversed and â€Å"went out for a drink or two† . [ 11 ] AppearancesIn Death Note The â€Å"L† that L uses to stand for himself. The fount used is â€Å"Diploma† ( which can be recreated with â€Å"Old English MT† ) . or downloaded for free. [ 13 ] L. who besides uses the assumed names Hideki Ryuga ( Ryuga Hideki? ) . Ryuzaki ( Ryuzaki? ) . Eraldo Coil ( = Erarudo Koiru? ) . and Deneuve ( Donuvu? ) . the latter two for which he has developed reputes as the second- and third-best investigators in the universe. is rather close and lone communicates with the universe through his helper Watari. He neer shows his face to the universe. alternatively stand foring himself with a capital L in Cloister Black fount. His existent name. L Lawliet. is merely revealed in the guidebook Death Note 13: How to Read. [ 14 ] When asked about L’s ethnicity. Ohba responded stating â€Å"I think of him as a one-fourth Nipponese. a one-fourth English. a one-fourth Russian. a one-fourth Gallic or Italian. like that† . [ 4 ] After run intoing the Kira probe squad. he requests that the undertaking force refer to him as Ryuzaki for discretion. Ohba said that L is the most intelligent character in the full Death Note series because â€Å"the secret plan requires it† . [ 15 ] He added that he personally views L as â€Å"slightly evil† . [ 16 ] L’s disheveled and dreamy visual aspect masks his great powers of tax write-off and penetration. He tends to second-guess everything he is presented with. and is highly punctilious and analytical. He has several oddities such as preferring to stoop instead than sit. eating merely sweet nutrients like sweets and fruits. and keeping points really finely. L stayed in England for five old ages. and during that clip he was the title-holder in tennis for the England Junior Cup. and he is still a good participant. proposing he might still pattern. He plays tennis with Light. who used to be a title-holder himself. In chapter 38 of the manga. L suggests that even though he eats merely sweet nutrients. he remains scraggy because the encephalon uses the most Calories of any organ in the organic structure. He besides says that if he sits usually. his concluding ability would drop 40 % . [ 17 ] Whenever L gives per centums to bespeak how much he suspects a individual of perpetrating a offense. such as â€Å"five percent† . in world he means over 90 per centum ; Ohba said about L. â€Å"The truth is. he’s a liar [ laughs ] † . [ 14 ] L suspects early in the probe that Light Yagami is Kira. but can non obtain any concrete grounds. In several state of affairss. Light seems to be proven guiltless by the fortunes. but L remains disbelieving. If Light were Kira. the instance would be solved. and L has problem allowing spell of this simple and complete solution. happening Light â€Å"too perfect† and observing how close his age and intelligence lucifer his exact construct for what Kira must be like. L can easy show his decisions publically at any clip. and with his repute. is taken earnestly. He besides intends to state Light that he can â€Å"take the offensive† . [ 14 ] After capturing a adult male who besides has a Death Note. Light fast ones Rem. the Shinigami proprietor of a Death Note that she gives to Misa. into killing L for his ain personal addition. doing her believe that she must kill him for the interest of Misa’s life. L’s last sight before decease is Light triumphantly smiling over him. and in his last minute L confirms to himself that Light is the first Kira. Light so takes over L’s individuality and uses it to his advantage. [ 18 ] However. when one of L’s true replacements. Near. begins to surmise that Light is Kira. Light remains haunted by the memory of L and feels as though he is still combating against him each clip he and Near communicate. In the anime series. when Light himself dies. an phantom of L is shown standing over him. mirroring Light standing over L at his ain decease. [ 19 ] Death Note 13: How to Read describes L in the Death Note yonkoma as the â€Å"holder of the world’s greatest mind† and holding the â€Å"powerful ability to move like a fool† . Death Note 13: How to Readadds that in the yonkoma â€Å"it’s like [ L was ] born to be mocked† . [ 20 ] [ edit ] In the movie series Portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action movies that adapt the Death Note manga. L retains many of the same features. Unlike the manga and Zanzibar copal. in the 2nd movie. his â€Å"death† . caused by Rem composing his name in her Death Note. does non take consequence. as L had written his ain name in Misa’s Death Note before. It is his selflessness that allows himself to remain alive for a longer continuance ( as he supposed Kira would kill him on that twenty-four hours ) . and allows the probe squad to grok Light. He becomes disquieted when Watari is subsequently killed. After Ryuk putting to deaths Light. Ryuk offers L the Death Note. L refuses. Twenty-three yearss after composing his name in the Death Note. and after firing all the staying Death Notes and holding a conversation with Soichiro. L dies peacefully while eating a cocoa saloon. [ 21 ] In L: Change the WorLd. which takes topographic point in the 23 yearss that L has left before he dies. L decides to work out one last instance. He is in charge of a instance in halting a deathly virus from distributing across the universe. He meets the girl of a physician who was endeavoring to happen an counterpoison and a male child who was the exclusive subsister of a small town destroyed by the virus ; after work outing the instance. he brings the male child to Wammy’s House and names him Near. [ 22 ] L stars in a Death Note movie version particular. aired on Nipponese telecasting. that takes topographic point after Light’s decease ; in it Touta Matsuda has to come to footings with L’s eventual decease. [ 23 ] Hideo Nakata. the manager of L: Change the WorLd . told The Daily Yomiuri that he wanted to exhibit L’s â€Å"human side† that was non exhibited in the Death Note series. [ 24 ] [ edit ] In Death Note: Another Note In the fresh Death Note: Another Note The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases Naomi Misora helps L work out a slaying instance. She was recruited for the instance by L because she was on leave from the FBI. During the probes she works with a detective naming himself Rue Ryuzaki. who acts really much like L and shared many features like stooping to sit and devouring Sweets. In the terminal of the book the reader learns that Beyond Birthday. a detective naming himself B. who was another campaigner to replace L before Near and Mello. was non merely the slayer but besides Rue Ryuzaki in camouflage under heavy make-up. He was seeking to do a instance L could non work out to turn out his high quality to L. In the book the lone certified mention to L was the phone conversations Naomi had with him to discourse the instance. In the very terminal of the book as Naomi was traveling back to work she sees a adult male similar to Rue. who the reader is led to believe is L. This adult male attempts to give Naomi a clinch which she counters in self-defence and sends him toppling down a flight of steps. She so catches up to him and asks him his name. to which he replies. â€Å"Ryuzaki† . [ 25 ] [ edit ] In L: Change the WorLd ( novel ) The events of the fresh adaptation of L’s by-product movie drama out really likewise to the movie. but with many originative alterations. For illustration. alternatively of detecting him during his concluding 23-days of life. L has long since claimed Near as his replacement. Furthermore. inside informations refering L’s character are revealed during the class of the novel by diging deeper into L’s relationship with Watari and researching L’s personal devils. Rather than stop suddenly after L drops off Near in the orphanhood like in the movie. the fresh terminals with L conceive ofing himself playing cheat with Watari minutes before the Death Note takes consequence.