Finding Hope and Courage Through Faith - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 758 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Faith Essay Did you like this example? When people go through a series of misfortunate events, they turn to believe in a universal power or put their faith in God. Having a strong belief in someone or something helps overcome everyday struggles. It makes people mentally stronger to be able to handle hardships. In the memoirs Every Falling Star and How Dare the Sun Rise, both Sungju Lee and Sandra Uwiringiyimana conquer fear and survival through developing hope and courage by turning to their faith while going through hardships. In both memoirs, the characters open up to God for the first time when they are in the need of survival. In Every Falling Star, Sungju was never exposed to the idea of praying to a higher power. He first sees his mother praying after his father leaves to china, so he asks, ?What does praying mean? (Lee 75). This reveals the lack of knowledge Sungju has towards the significance of praying at first. His mother and Sungju are struggling for food and are worried about his dad. His mother replies, some people talk to a higher power, a universal power, an energythat higher power listens and answers what we ask of it. We speak to that power in the form of prayers,(Lee 75). After his father left for China, the only way they believed they could communicate with him was through this universal power. This gave Sungju the urge to learn how to pray, so he can communicate with his dad which built hope in him that his father is safe wherever he is. His desire to have faith in a universal power help s him have hope that he will eventually meet his family again. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Finding Hope and Courage Through Faith" essay for you Create order This hope allowed him to continue to strive and survive as a kotjebi. In How Dare the Sun Rise, Sandra starts putting faith in God when her family is struggling to survive because of the discrimination towards her tribe. Sandra says, I began to open myself to the idea of Gods helpMy faith began to deepenI put my faith in God,(Uwiringiyimana 94). She opens herself up to God and begins praying. Sandras faith helps her throughout her journey by building hope and courage towards many things, such as moving to a different country. Her decision on putting her faith in God lets her build courage. The courage that she gained from her faith helped in many situations including her flashbacks. Both characters turn to their faith when they are in fear. In Every Falling Star, Sungju states, One morning after I awoke screaming from a nightmare in which I saw a strange white creature, half man, half monster, with fire for wings, I asked my mother to teach me how to pray,(Lee 76). Sungju feared getting these terrible dreams again, so instead, he started praying. Praying to this universal power that he believes in made all his fears disappear and made him gain courage and mental strength. Similarly, in How Dare the Sun Rise, Sandra faces fear during the massacre when she is unable to know whether her family members are alive. Sandra says, I prayed to god. ?If you keep my parents alive, I will be good I promised.I kept praying. I begged god to please let us all survive,(Uwiringiyimana 9). Sandra prays to god when she fears that her parents might have been killed during the massacre. She feels lonely and she is traumatized by all the blood. Praying to God during this fearful time helped her gain confidence that she and her family can survive the massacre. It also gave her the courage to keep running and trying to survive the massacre. For many people, faith isnt very easy to obtain. In both memoirs, Sungju and Sandra start praying to their God when they are in the need of survival. They also depend on faith to overcome fear. The faith that both the characters gain helps them throughout their journey. Sungju uses his faith as a support when he is a kotjebi and Sandra uses hers when she has a hard time in college. Sungju still has hope today that he will find his family back in North Korea, and Sandra gained the courage to talk about her experiences to inform other people in the world. Faith gives people hope and courage, it gives them the mental strength to handle any situation that arises. Works Cited Lee, Sungju and McClelland, Susan. Every Falling Star. New York: Amulet Books, 2016. Uwiringiyimana, Sandra and Pesta, Abigail. How Dare the Sun Rise. New York: Katherine Tegen Books, 2017.

The Taming Of The Shrew - 1313 Words

The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy/love story written by Shakespeare between 1590 and 1592. However, in the current era with new beliefs of men and women’s roles, The Taming of The Shrew is seen as pure misogyny. The plot of the play follows the idea that Bianca, the youngest daughter, is a beautiful young girl with lots of male attention and is eager to wed, though her wealthy father will not allow it until her older hot-tempered sister also has a suitor. Many modern films has been made on this famous Shakespearean play, including; Taming of the Shrew directed by Franco Zeffirelli, 1967. The film is a filmic rendering of the play. 10 things I hate about you, 1999, is a loose adaptation of the play, directed by Gil Junger. 10 Things is a†¦show more content†¦This is shown when she throws a stool at Gremio and Hortensio for saying she is too hard for a husband and needs to be milder and gentler. When Petruchio comes to Padua to find a wife, he is not interested in loo ks or personality, he comes only looking for money. As he goes to Katerina’s home to ask Baptista for her hand in marriage, one of the most important settlements Petruchio wants to agree on is the dowry he receives from the marriage. At first Katerina is completely against the marriage and attempts to say no at the wedding although he kisses her before she can speak. At Bianca’s wedding, Katerina claims, â€Å"...Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee†¦ And when she is froward, peevish, sullen, sour and not obedient to his honest will, What is she but a foul contending rebel?† She does this to describe a woman s role. This shows, despite the starvation, sleep deprivation, and overall mistreatment Petruchio gives to Katerina, she is eventually â€Å"tamed† by him and becomes submissive to his misogynistic views. Kat from 10 Things I Hate About You, is an independent, likable and head strong girl who cannot stand misogyny or sexism. In the first scene of the film, Kat’s personality is displayed as she pulls up at the lights in her old car blaring loud music next to a group of girls in their convertible singing along to the radio. Kat is an opinionated character, however, compared to Katerina sheShow MoreRelatedThe Taming Of The Shrew1180 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 1600s, William Shakespeare wrote the play The Taming of the Shrew. This play has been well-known throughout the ages. The play has been adapted into film and the two most popular version of it are The Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You. The movie The Taming of the Shrew was released in 1967, while the newer version came out as, 10 Things I Hate About You which was released in 1999. Even though these two variations are based off the same play they have many similaritiesRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew was written somewhere between 1592 an d 1594 (Bevington 2). Taming of the Shrew’s titular theme is Petruchio â€Å"taming† his shrewish wife, Katharina, which was a common theme for plays during Elizabethan England. However, the play delves so much deeper into their relationship than just focusing on a male’s forced submission of a female. In fact, The Taming of the Shrew offers a sophisticated opinion on how a married couple should interact. Petruchio’s grand scheme of how he willRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1132 Words   |  5 PagesIn order for two comparative texts to develop ones understanding of shared themes and ideas they must over come the boundaries of differing contexts and explore the strong parallels between them. Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† (1590-1592) was composed during the Elizabethan era in contrast to Gil Junger’s â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You† (1999) set around 1990s America. Although the diverse time periods their correlating plots are indicators of appropriation and pronounce an intertextualRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare is a rich play for interpretation mainly because of its controversial content, due to the of power dynamics of Petruchio and Katharina. I chose to stage The Taming of the Shrew because I found the storyline engaging and I felt that the play would be able to be staged nontraditionally while continuing to retain its storyline and original language. For my production I would like Katharina and Petruchio to be in their late teens around 16 to 19 years oldRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew, the main character, Katharina Minola is portrayed as a shrew. Her behavior emanated from the fact that a father who treated her with indifference raised her and there was a lack of a motherly influence in her life. â€Å"Shakespeare sketches her character with a depth the typical shrew lacks† (â€Å"The Taming and Comic Tradition† 1) so her behavior is a defense mechanism used to protect herself from rejection. Katharina â€Å"is aggressive and belligerent, butRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew934 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew introduces the audience to the Elizabethan era. The mindset of the people in this era might be hard to grasp for the modern reader. The demeaning treatment and subsequent submission of women i s a constant theme in the play. During this era, women were meant to obedient, submissive, and compliant to their husband. Katherine Minola, the daughter of Baptista defies society’s standards and is known for her outspokenness and thus labeled a â€Å"shrew.† Due to her aggressiveRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesKatharina, also known as Kate, is the main protagonist and her fiery personality is the focal point of the Shakespeare play, â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†. Her outspoken and quick-witted disposition is at odds with polite society thus earning her the offensive moniker ‘Shrew’, which essentially means a bad-tempered despicable old hag. Contrary to belief, she is, for the most part, an opinionated woman who has the courage to speak those opinions loudly to men that would prefer she’d be quiet. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1023 Words   |  5 PagesKristine Lieu Mr. Smith English 2, Period 1 02 March 2016 The Taming of the Shrew Introduction What happens when two fouled tongue and short tempered human beings gets married and try to get dominate each other? In the play, The Taming of the Shrew, by William Shakespeare, the shrew, Katherine is compelled to marry the severe Petruchio, whose ravenousness for Katherine s settlement is coordinated just by his nonchalance for her contentious mentality. To start with, Katherine is unwilling to complyRead MoreTaming of the Shrew866 Words   |  4 PagesTaming of the shrew The Taming of the shrew was just one of William Shakespeares 4 great comedies. Taming of the shrew is based on a king named Baptista who had two daughters named Katherina and Bianca. Both daughters had arranged marriages by there father. Since Katherina was older she had to get married first. Her father chose Petruchio for her to marry. Katherina did not want to get married to Pertuchio, but Katherina did not have a choice. Katherina was very disobedient at the begging ofRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew1108 Words   |  5 PagesJude Brooks-Benham, The Taming of the Shrew Shakespeare s The Taming of the Shrew focuses not only on the roles of the sexes, but also plays with the varying social roles found in society from head of the house to foot of the house. Tranio finds himself at the bottom of this social ladder, a servant to Lucentio. However Tranio employs his wit and cunning to raise his status at the expense of his master. Tranio is a manipulative intellectual who uses persuasive rhetoric and wit to distract Lucentio

Pharmacology The Concept of Alzheimer Disease

Question: Describe about the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Answer: Lay Summary The discussion topic here is focused on application of animal models to understand the concept of Alzheimers disease and its underlying pathogenesis. In researches of human disease, animal models help the researchers with better understanding of the disease process without harming or adding risk to an actual human individual. No transgenic models mimics exact human behavior, yet the capacity to study comparable pathological progressions inside living individuals have offered various insights into ailment mechanisms and chances to analyze therapeutic agents. Alzheimers is considered as a common form of dementia, which causes complications with behavior, thinking and memory (Zarka, 2011). Indications develop slowly and become worse eventually and also start interfering with the daily activities. In a lay man language this disease can also be termed as memory loss and loss of other intellectual capabilities that are severe enough to obstruct daily life activities (Holford, 2005). It is not considered as a normal measurement of aging, yet greatest identified risk aspect is rising age and most of the affected individuals are 65years old or even older. Alzheimers affected individual generally survives for almost eight years after their indications become noticeable. Current treatments related with the Alzheimers cannot stop this disease from progressing. These therapies can temporarily slow down the worsening affects of dementia indications and develop patients life quality and also the life quality of the care provider. Scientific Summary Recent advancements of biotechnology have helped the scientists immensely to think about such concept of designing animal models which can assist to understand and analyze the basic reason behind a particular human disease. With the help of recombinant DNA technology, the concept of knockout mice has been originated. These are considered as the most important animal models for examining the function of genes. These genes are sequenced, but their functions are not determined. In knockout mice the gene of interest is inactivated purposely and after that the difference is observed by comparing with the normal pathology. Thus, this type of animal model helps researchers to predict probable function of that particular gene of interest. Over expression of amyloid precursor proteins contribute to the accumulation and production of beta amyloid into plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. By manipulating genes production of the distinctive neuro-pathological lesions inside animal gives raise to the progressive neurodegeneration and sometimes related behavioral disruptions are identified within AD patients. Knock out models of AD related proteins have been developed to illustrate the indigenous role of the genes and analyze if pathogenesis is because of loss of genetic function or poisonous increase of function within the system. Pathology of Alzheimers disease comprises three consistent neuropathological characteristics. These are amyloid-rich senile plaques, neuronal degeneration and neurofibrillary tangles. Acetylcholine is considered as a vital neurotransmitter in the portions of brain, which participate in the formation of memory. Loss of acetylcholine activity shows an association with Alzheimers disease severity. Drugs that are used to treat this disease work by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase (Casadesus, 2011). These inhibitors block esterase arbitrated metabolism of acetylcholine to acetate and choline. This gives rise to the increased amount of acetylcholine within synaptic cleft and augmented acetylcholine availability for presynaptic and postsynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Apolipoprotein E4 on 19chromosome shows late commencement of Alzhimers disease. Apolipoprotein E4 allele increase the risk and reduce the age of commencement of this disease in dose ass ociated fashion. Transgenic animal models have helped the researchers to obtain the basic and the most important information associated with Alzheimers disease. Introduction Alzheimers disease is said to be common reason of dementia among the aged people, who are 65years old and even older (Perry, 2013). It affects almost 10% people over 65years of age and 50% people over 85years of age. Almost 4million Alzheimers patients are present in the United States itself and fourth leading reason of death in United States (Alz.org, 2015). Overwhelmingly most of the AD patients are cared at home by their friends and family members. Annual treatment of this disease costs almost $100billion (Alz.org, 2015). Projected prevalence of Alzheimers disease; Progress of Alzheimers disease; source: (Samakashvili et al., 2011) Alzheimers disease develops through different stages; source: (Samakashvili et al., 2011) Alzheimers disease is considered as a neurological brain disorder, which is irreversible and progressive. According to the scientists no single cause is present for this disease. It is probably the consequence of a blend of inter-associated factors, comprising genetic aspects that are inherited along with family lines and influences from the environment that range from an early head injury to educational level to individuals understanding near the beginning in life. Now-a-days, life style factors are also thought to be associated with this disease, for instance: dietary habits, high cholesterol, and higher level of blood pressure that may influence individuals risk of this disease. It is a common type of dementia tracked by dementia with Lewy bodies and vascular dementia (Kwon and Choi, 2013). Assessment of this disease includes informant history, functional and physical assessment, brain imaging and focused labs. Initial treatments objectives comprise improve life quality, function maximization by developing behavior, mood and cognition. Treatment can be applied non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Community resourced need to be applied to support the care providers, family members and patients (Gauthier, 2012). Non pharmacological factors include cognitive enhancement, individual therapy and group therapy, regular appointments, communication with care providers and family members, safety attention and environmental modification (Birbaumer, 2011). Pharmacological factors include cholinesterase inhibitors, for example: galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine; other cognitive enhancers comprise ginko biloba, vitamin E, NSAIDs and estrogen; antipsychotics and antidepressants. Symptom management of this disease may include sun-downing, hallucinations, delusions or psychoses, hypersexuality, sleep disturbances and aggression. Stages of Alzheimers disease Stage1. Normal: mentally healthy individual. Stage2. Aged forgetfulness: individuals more than 65years of age experience subjective criticisms of functional and cognitive complications (Dash and Villemarette-Pittman, 2005). Stage3. Little cognitive impairment: the capability to carry out executive works becomes compromised; for those individuals who are working their performance may turn down. Stage4. Mild Alzheimers: most general functioning deficit is decreased ability to deal with complicated activities of daily life, such as: capability to manage accounts and to arrange foods for guests and many more. Stage5. Moderate Alzheimers: shows a decrease in the capacity to select appropriate clothing to wear for different weather conditions and daily occasions or situations. Stage6. Moderately serious Alzheimers: capacity to carry out basic daily living activities becomes compromised. Stage7. Severe Alzheimers: the sufferers need continuous support with basic daily living activities for survival. The diagnostic tests for this disease include medical history: an interview session to recognize pre-medical complications; physical examination: assessments of heart, lungs, sight and hearing, pulse reading, blood pressure and temperature; neuropsychological examinations: physicians use different assessment tools to evaluate problem-solving, memory, vision-motor coordination, attention and theoretical thinking, for example: calculating simple calculation without the help of any pen, paper or calculator and brain imaging scan: CT scans and MRI illustrate the brain structure and are applied to exclude blood clots or tumors inside the brain as the cause for indications. Most of the genes associated with human disease are owned by evolutionary conserved paths that are found in simple organisms, for example: Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. These pathways and genes of the simpler organisms can be pharmacologically and genetically manipulated to understand mechanism and function in a better way and also the way these genes are linked with the pathogenesis of various ailments (Birbaumer, 2011). These manipulations can be carried out frequently in worms and flies than in mammals. And can be performed quite rapidly and produce high quality information which are translatable to the mammalian organizations. Other qualities are also present which make these organisms typically well suited for human disease study. For example: constructing in vivo disease structures which can help clarify basic systems underlying disease, because in vitro examinations do not always represent normal physiological complexity related to different diseases. Ani mal models, especially invertebrate models are comparatively inexpensive, have little lifespan, easy to experiment with and often have stereotypical and well characterized development. Precisely understanding the etiopathogenic systems of different neurodegenerative disorders are considered as crucial step for improving disease modifying medicines that are capable to prevent the disease emergence or slow disease progression. Animal replicas contribute to amplify the knowledge on the neurodegerative disease pathophysiology. These animal models mimic various aspects of stated disease, in addition to the main symptoms and histopathological lesions. Though the advanced animal models have helped greatly to understand the Alzheimers disease pathogenesis, lack of knowledge regarding the cause of this disease makes it complicated to structure an AD featuring model, which hinders the characterization and discovery of efficient drugs. At present, most employed animal prototypes are developed depend on recognized genetic mutations associated with the Alzheimers disease. Nevertheless, almost more than 90% cases are sporadic and the fundamental causes are not known (Casadesus, 2011). Hence, the genetic based models do not summarize all the features associated with sporadic Alzheimers disease and do not even cover all the factors, which may influence the etiopathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimers disease, for example: apolipoprotein E. Other complicating factors are that AD animal models do not display wide-ranging neuronal cell loss that is observed in human Alzheimer patients. Amyloid beta or A is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD; hence AD rodent models are designed by intracerebral infusion of amyloid beta peptides. Direct intracerebral amyloid beta peptide injection causes memory deficit and learning deficits, along with neuropathological lterations, which resemble human Alzheimers disease, microglial activation, inflammation and restricted loss of cells (Lee and Lim, 2010). The infusion rodent model allows scientists to administer identified levels of specific amyloid beta species of recognized length and sequence, before waiting for aging process for the construction of pathological alterations within transgenic animal models. Infusion models are very much helpful for pre-clinical testing of drugs as the models can give experimental outcomes, comprising the pathology of plaque in a time-frame of few weeks. Nevertheless the administered A concentration is higher than A concentration found within the brain of Alzheimer affected individuals, leading to the alterations of the brain, which surpass the aging effct on Alzheimers disease progression. On the other hand, genetically altered mice over expressiong amyloid beta 42 or APP accumulate amyloid beta plaques and soluble amyloid beta oligomers in an age dependant way (Jagust, 2009). These APP models show progressive amyloid beta deposition in neuritic plaques, diffuse plaques, astrocytosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, neurotransmission alterations, mild hippocampal atrophy, microgliosis, behavioral and cognitive deficits. Review and Discussion The article Neurodegeneration and Alzheimers disease: the lesson from tauopathies by G. Sorrentino and V. Bonavita (2007) is one of the very significant articles that critically examines the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis which is generally considered to be a decisive factor in Alzheimers disease (Sorrentino and Bonavita, 2007). This article further throws light on the apoptotic mechanisms that are considered as the connecting links which A deposition and proteolysis of tau. The primary objective of this article is to situate the morphology factors which characterize the more general neurodegen. The hypothesis of Amyloid Cascade basically suggests that the main event in the Alzheimers disease is the deposition of the fibrils of -amyloid protein (A). The authors objected to this hypothesis on the ground that this particular hypothesis is weak when correlated to the plaque load and severity of dementia. According to the authors the correlation between dementia and synaptic loss depict that the Alzheimers disease may be considered under the synaptic failure. The authors further state that the significant factor that can be extracted from the studies of mutations in the domestic form of fronto-temporal dementia would be the mutation which is enough to cause neuronal loss. Most of the data observations suggest one such model of Alzheimers disease which as a result of the overproduction and minimized clearance of A deposition. This however is considered as an early event in pathogenic sequence. There is wide amount of data available that suggest that the apoptotic mechanism tend to represent the link between proteolysis of tau and the A deposition. Jointly, all these observations indicate that in the model of AD where the excessive production or the minimized clearance of the A results in a flow of events which lead to direct neuronal loss or loss resulting from changes in the tau. With regard to experimenting with the animal models there exists a huge line of evidence that join to show the soluble oligomers of A, however it does not demonstrate the insoluble amyloid fibrils. These soluble oligomers of A are sometimes responsible for the synaptic dysfunction that generally takes place in the brains of the animal models. The article conducted a study to further show that the tau expression had given NFT pathology certain amount of neuronal loss as well as behavioral deficiency. Nevertheless, it needs to be kept in mind that when this source of tau was concealed there was an improvement in the memory that was observed when there was a progress in the NFT pathology. As a result of these observations, in the animal model the neuro degeneration is observed to be caused due to an oligomeric or a pre-tangle tau and not by the NFTs themselves. Looking from this point of NFT can be considered as an indicator of damage which has already been done rather than the direct pathogen which is viewed as the A plaques by most scientists. Hence it can be stated that the article even though deals primarily with the missing link also closely analyses the results on the animal models. Scientists Peter T. Nelson et al. (2009) have conducted an animal model study to reveal a complicated association between cognitive impairment and neuropathology in Alzheimers disease (Nelson, Braak and Markesbery, 2009). It is known worldwide that neurofibrillry tangles and plaques are pathological hallmarks of this disease. Controversies are present about the application of present AD diagnostic criteria and whether neurofibrillry tangles and plaques are involved in cognitive impairment. According to them neither pathological nor clinical features for Alzheimers disease develop in a direct manner. They have discussed about patients with medical dementia with no amyloid plaques and neurofibrillry tangles and also if individuals with no cognitive impairment can have severe Alzheimers type pathological assessments at autopsy. The clinicopathological studies need suppositions regarding pathologoical substrates. They have suggested that neurofibrillry tangles and plaques may not be path ogenetic. These abnormalities could also be a neuroprotective response to different disease stimuli, for example: inflammation or oxidative stress (Lefterov, 2009). Neither the inflammatory brain complication nor oxidative stresses have been demonstrated to stimulate neurofibrillry tangles in animal models. All the nervous cells and non-nerve cells may react to inflammation and oxidative stress, sometimes with different extent. The researchers have interpreted qualitative pathological evaluations and genetic evidence of Alzheimers brains, typically the pathology of the neurofibrillry tangles, which appears to invade upon and distort normal cell components to specify toxic than other protective function. They have concluded that the association of cognitive impairment along with tangles and plaques with is complicated in Alzheimers but rational. Soluble oligomeric amyloid beta species formed by 1-30 amyloid beta amino acids associate better than the plaques along with cognitive impai rment in transgenic mice that are Alzheimers affected and humans (Lefterov, 2009). The loss of synaptic responses which might be brought about by neurotoxic effect of soluble amyloid beta oligomers and tau pathology is said to be directly associated with cognitive impairment. Mice that overproduce amylod beta protein do not exhibit neurofibrillary tangles. Nevertheless, amyloid beta pathology can trigger kinases, down-regulate phosphatases and damage the degradation of tau. These mechanisms lead to tau pathology. As a result, great challenges are present further on to develop next generation animal models to efficiently assist the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. References Alz.org, (2015).Latest Facts Figures Report | Alzheimer's Association. [online] Available at: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_facts_and_figures.asp [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Birbaumer, N. (2011). Alzheimer's disease patients' cognitive functions are enhanced following a new non-invasive non-pharmacological treatment.Alzheimer's Dementia, 7(4), p.S669. Casadesus, G. (2011).Handbook of animal models in Alzheimer's disease. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Dash, P. and Villemarette-Pittman, N. (2005).Alzheimer's disease. New York, N.Y.: Demos. Gauthier, S. (2012). Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's Dementia, 8(4), p.P2. Holford, P. (2005).Alzheimers prevention plan. Jagust, W. (2009). Will Neuroimaging help us understand Alzheimer's disease?.Alzheimer's Dementia, 5(4), p.P1. Kwon, J. and Choi, N. (2013). Binswanger-type vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) and vascular dementia (VaD).Alzheimer's Dementia, 9(4), pp.P788-P789. Lee, C. and Lim, H. (2010). Altered visuospatial working memory process in patients with Alzheimer's disease: fMRI investigation.Alzheimer's Dementia, 6(4), p.S285. Lefterov, I. (2009). Role of Abca1, ApoE and ApoA-I in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: Lessons from complex animal models.Alzheimer's Dementia, 5(4), p.P168. Nelson, P., Braak, H. and Markesbery, W. (2009). Neuropathology and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer Disease.Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 68(1), pp.1-14. Perry, G. (2013).Alzheimers disease. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Samakashvili, S., Ibez, C., Sim, C., Gil-Bea, F., Winblad, B., Cedazo-Mnguez, A. and Cifuentes, A. (2011). Analysis of chiral amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid samples linked to different stages of Alzheimer disease.ELECTROPHORESIS, 32(19), pp.2757-2764. Sorrentino, G. and Bonavita, V. (2007). Neurodegeneration and Alzheimers disease: the lesson from tauopathies.Neurological Sciences, 28(2), pp.63-71. Zarka, H. (2011).Alzheimers. [Kbh.]: Korridor.

L Lawliet Biography Essay Sample free essay sample

L Lawliet ( ) . [ 3 ] widely known by the missive L ( Eru? ) . is the chief adversary in the manga and anime series Death Noteby Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata. Considered the world’s greatest investigator. he lives in secretiveness. During the narrative. he acts as the chief adversary to Light Yagami. otherwise known as the mass-murderer â€Å"Kira† . However. his popularity as a character inspired the release of a spin-off live-action filmL: Change the World and a fresh adaptation of said movie where he is the chief supporter. The character of L is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi in the Zanzibar copal. and portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the movies Death Note. Death Note: The Last Name and L: Change the World. He is dubbed by Alessandro Juliani across the English-language media. Since his debut in the series. L’s character has been praised by several manga and anime referees. Creation and constructTsugumi Ohba. the authors of the series. We will write a custom essay sample on L Lawliet Biography Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page created L to stand for justness. as a â€Å"super detective† who stands in Light’s manner. Since Ohba believed the narrative would non keep much involvement if L were significantly older than Light. the character was created as a immature grownup. For L’s name. he wanted to utilize a individual missive with a batch of significance ; he considered â€Å"I† and â€Å"J† . but finally chose â€Å"L† after careful consideration. [ 4 ] The assumed name of â€Å"Ryuzaki† was given to him because of a old liquidator L had captured. who went by the name of â€Å"Rue Ryuzaki. † Ohba said that he left everything about L’s character design to Takeshi Obata. creative person of the series. Obata asked Ohba if L could be â€Å"unattractive† . Afterwards Ohba included thoughts in his thumbnails. including L’s mode of sitting. â€Å"he’s English† . and â€Å"he’s listless† . Ohba added inside in formations sing L’s idiosyncrasy and his involvements in Sweets. Ohba credits Obata for the character designs. [ 5 ] Obata commented that L’s thumbnails by Ohba had no bags under his eyes. and that he had a â€Å"plain face with no expression† which was really utile. Obata drew L as an â€Å"attractive immature man† until chapter 11. when the character appeared in individual. After chapter 11 he decided to contrast his visual aspect with Light’s visual aspect ; Obata and Ohba shared this thought. [ 6 ] Obata said that. during the development of the early manga chapters. he feared that L would look â€Å"so leery that Light would cognize immediately it was L if they of all time met† . When Obata’s editor told him that he wanted L to hold a face â€Å"looking cool based on the angle† . Obata added black bags under L’s eyes. Obata cited Devilman’s Akira Fudou when saying that he believed that black bags were appealing. In add-on. Obata idea of a â€Å"dead eyes† construct. which involved L holding â€Å"all-black eyes† and â€Å"mostly no eyebrows† . Obata believes that black eyes normally makes a character goofier. but the bags â€Å"sharpen the character’s gaze† . Obata believes that the design evokes â€Å"a feeling of mystery† and that the reader can non find L’s t rue ideas. Obata besides said that the bags under L’s eyes were utile for animating guess about his life style and background. The outfit Obata designed for L was a â€Å"simple† white. long-sleeved shirt and denims. to convey that L does non set thought into taking his vesture. In Death Note 13: How to Read. Ohba presented an initial rough bill of exchange of L and said that. with a â€Å"cool expression† and without the bags under his eyes. L looked like a different individual. [ 6 ] Obata stated that the curious traits exhibited by L are best revealed â€Å"gradually† . Obata added that if he drew L eating â€Å"mountains of sweets† before uncovering his face. he would non hold â€Å"much credibleness as a ace detective† and people would inquire if he was â€Å"crazy† . [ 7 ] Both Ohba and Obata chose L as their favourite character from the series. with the former observing him as the â€Å"strongest† character in the series besides Light. and the latter due to â€Å"appearance. personality. everything† . Obata said that he could neer hold created a character like L and that he enjoyed pulling him. [ 8 ] Obata added that because of this. L was non â€Å"real† to him and that he liked that facet of th e character. [ 9 ] L’s combat manner has been described as similar to capoeira. However. Obata has denied sing this when pulling L’s battles. stating that he was believing of the most effectual manner to kick person whilst handcuffed. He added that if the manner resembles capoeira. so this â€Å"adds another component to it† and â€Å"that makes me happy† . [ 6 ] When planing colour book covers Obata assigned colourss to characters to â€Å"get the atmosphere right† ; gold was assigned to L. [ 10 ] Film version Matsuyama had problem portraying L and worried about his public presentation. He reasoned that L seldom interacted with others. and so depicted him as if he did non â€Å"quite understand other people on an emotional level† . Describing himself as â€Å"not really flexible physically† . Matsuyama had problem emulating L’s positions. [ 11 ] He besides ate Sweets like those that L would eat. and considered the inside informations of L’s signature gestures. [ 12 ] Matsuyama said that he and Tatsuya Fujiwara. the histrion portraying Light. became â€Å"so immersed† in their character portraitures that they did non talk to one another piece on the set ; when shooting ceased they conversed and â€Å"went out for a drink or two† . [ 11 ] AppearancesIn Death Note The â€Å"L† that L uses to stand for himself. The fount used is â€Å"Diploma† ( which can be recreated with â€Å"Old English MT† ) . or downloaded for free. [ 13 ] L. who besides uses the assumed names Hideki Ryuga ( Ryuga Hideki? ) . Ryuzaki ( Ryuzaki? ) . Eraldo Coil ( = Erarudo Koiru? ) . and Deneuve ( Donuvu? ) . the latter two for which he has developed reputes as the second- and third-best investigators in the universe. is rather close and lone communicates with the universe through his helper Watari. He neer shows his face to the universe. alternatively stand foring himself with a capital L in Cloister Black fount. His existent name. L Lawliet. is merely revealed in the guidebook Death Note 13: How to Read. [ 14 ] When asked about L’s ethnicity. Ohba responded stating â€Å"I think of him as a one-fourth Nipponese. a one-fourth English. a one-fourth Russian. a one-fourth Gallic or Italian. like that† . [ 4 ] After run intoing the Kira probe squad. he requests that the undertaking force refer to him as Ryuzaki for discretion. Ohba said that L is the most intelligent character in the full Death Note series because â€Å"the secret plan requires it† . [ 15 ] He added that he personally views L as â€Å"slightly evil† . [ 16 ] L’s disheveled and dreamy visual aspect masks his great powers of tax write-off and penetration. He tends to second-guess everything he is presented with. and is highly punctilious and analytical. He has several oddities such as preferring to stoop instead than sit. eating merely sweet nutrients like sweets and fruits. and keeping points really finely. L stayed in England for five old ages. and during that clip he was the title-holder in tennis for the England Junior Cup. and he is still a good participant. proposing he might still pattern. He plays tennis with Light. who used to be a title-holder himself. In chapter 38 of the manga. L suggests that even though he eats merely sweet nutrients. he remains scraggy because the encephalon uses the most Calories of any organ in the organic structure. He besides says that if he sits usually. his concluding ability would drop 40 % . [ 17 ] Whenever L gives per centums to bespeak how much he suspects a individual of perpetrating a offense. such as â€Å"five percent† . in world he means over 90 per centum ; Ohba said about L. â€Å"The truth is. he’s a liar [ laughs ] † . [ 14 ] L suspects early in the probe that Light Yagami is Kira. but can non obtain any concrete grounds. In several state of affairss. Light seems to be proven guiltless by the fortunes. but L remains disbelieving. If Light were Kira. the instance would be solved. and L has problem allowing spell of this simple and complete solution. happening Light â€Å"too perfect† and observing how close his age and intelligence lucifer his exact construct for what Kira must be like. L can easy show his decisions publically at any clip. and with his repute. is taken earnestly. He besides intends to state Light that he can â€Å"take the offensive† . [ 14 ] After capturing a adult male who besides has a Death Note. Light fast ones Rem. the Shinigami proprietor of a Death Note that she gives to Misa. into killing L for his ain personal addition. doing her believe that she must kill him for the interest of Misa’s life. L’s last sight before decease is Light triumphantly smiling over him. and in his last minute L confirms to himself that Light is the first Kira. Light so takes over L’s individuality and uses it to his advantage. [ 18 ] However. when one of L’s true replacements. Near. begins to surmise that Light is Kira. Light remains haunted by the memory of L and feels as though he is still combating against him each clip he and Near communicate. In the anime series. when Light himself dies. an phantom of L is shown standing over him. mirroring Light standing over L at his ain decease. [ 19 ] Death Note 13: How to Read describes L in the Death Note yonkoma as the â€Å"holder of the world’s greatest mind† and holding the â€Å"powerful ability to move like a fool† . Death Note 13: How to Readadds that in the yonkoma â€Å"it’s like [ L was ] born to be mocked† . [ 20 ] [ edit ] In the movie series Portrayed by Kenichi Matsuyama in the live-action movies that adapt the Death Note manga. L retains many of the same features. Unlike the manga and Zanzibar copal. in the 2nd movie. his â€Å"death† . caused by Rem composing his name in her Death Note. does non take consequence. as L had written his ain name in Misa’s Death Note before. It is his selflessness that allows himself to remain alive for a longer continuance ( as he supposed Kira would kill him on that twenty-four hours ) . and allows the probe squad to grok Light. He becomes disquieted when Watari is subsequently killed. After Ryuk putting to deaths Light. Ryuk offers L the Death Note. L refuses. Twenty-three yearss after composing his name in the Death Note. and after firing all the staying Death Notes and holding a conversation with Soichiro. L dies peacefully while eating a cocoa saloon. [ 21 ] In L: Change the WorLd. which takes topographic point in the 23 yearss that L has left before he dies. L decides to work out one last instance. He is in charge of a instance in halting a deathly virus from distributing across the universe. He meets the girl of a physician who was endeavoring to happen an counterpoison and a male child who was the exclusive subsister of a small town destroyed by the virus ; after work outing the instance. he brings the male child to Wammy’s House and names him Near. [ 22 ] L stars in a Death Note movie version particular. aired on Nipponese telecasting. that takes topographic point after Light’s decease ; in it Touta Matsuda has to come to footings with L’s eventual decease. [ 23 ] Hideo Nakata. the manager of L: Change the WorLd . told The Daily Yomiuri that he wanted to exhibit L’s â€Å"human side† that was non exhibited in the Death Note series. [ 24 ] [ edit ] In Death Note: Another Note In the fresh Death Note: Another Note The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases Naomi Misora helps L work out a slaying instance. She was recruited for the instance by L because she was on leave from the FBI. During the probes she works with a detective naming himself Rue Ryuzaki. who acts really much like L and shared many features like stooping to sit and devouring Sweets. In the terminal of the book the reader learns that Beyond Birthday. a detective naming himself B. who was another campaigner to replace L before Near and Mello. was non merely the slayer but besides Rue Ryuzaki in camouflage under heavy make-up. He was seeking to do a instance L could non work out to turn out his high quality to L. In the book the lone certified mention to L was the phone conversations Naomi had with him to discourse the instance. In the very terminal of the book as Naomi was traveling back to work she sees a adult male similar to Rue. who the reader is led to believe is L. This adult male attempts to give Naomi a clinch which she counters in self-defence and sends him toppling down a flight of steps. She so catches up to him and asks him his name. to which he replies. â€Å"Ryuzaki† . [ 25 ] [ edit ] In L: Change the WorLd ( novel ) The events of the fresh adaptation of L’s by-product movie drama out really likewise to the movie. but with many originative alterations. For illustration. alternatively of detecting him during his concluding 23-days of life. L has long since claimed Near as his replacement. Furthermore. inside informations refering L’s character are revealed during the class of the novel by diging deeper into L’s relationship with Watari and researching L’s personal devils. Rather than stop suddenly after L drops off Near in the orphanhood like in the movie. the fresh terminals with L conceive ofing himself playing cheat with Watari minutes before the Death Note takes consequence.

When to Use Dear and Deer

When to Use Dear and Deer The words dear and deer  are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings.As an adjective or adverb, dear means greatly loved or valued, high-priced, or earnest. (Dear is used with a name as a polite form of address.) As a noun, dear refers to a person who is loved or whos endearing. As an interjection, dear is used to express surprise, sympathy, or distress. The noun deer refers to a hoofed, ruminant mammal. (Plural, deer.) Examples It was hard to say goodbye to such dear friends.My family paid a terrible price, perhaps too dear a price for my commitment.(Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, 2008)Her dear students were gaping like guppies, their eyes unblinking and their little mouths opening and closing silently.  (Joan Hess, Dear Miss Demeanor, 2007)She took the fall bravely, whacking her thigh painfully on the dressing-table corner. Oh dear, she gasped. Oh dear, oh dear, oh dear.  (Kate Morton, The Distant Hours, 2010)The deer is a remarkably adaptable animal, one that can live almost anywhere.

Major General Henry Halleck in the Civil War

Major General Henry Halleck in the Civil War Henry Halleck - Early Life Career: Born January 16, 1815, Henry Wager Halleck was the son of War of 1812 veteran Joseph Halleck and his wife Catherine Wager Halleck. Initially raised on the family farm in Westernville, NY, Halleck quickly grew to detest the agricultural lifestyle and ran away at a young age. Taken in by his uncle David Wager, Halleck spent part of his childhood in Utica, NY and later attended Hudson Academy and Union College. Seeking a military career, he elected to apply to West Point. Accepted, Halleck entered the academy in 1835 and soon proved to be a highly gifted student. During his time at West Point, he became a favorite of noted military theorist Dennis Hart Mahan. Henry Halleck - Old Brains: Due to this connection and his stellar classroom performance, Halleck was permitted to give lectures to fellow cadets while still a student. Graduating in 1839, he placed third in a class of thirty-one. Commissioned as a second lieutenant he saw early service augmenting the harbor defenses around New York City. This assignment led him to pen and submit a document on coastal defenses entitled Report on the Means of National Defense. Impressing the US Armys senior-most officer, Major General Winfield Scott, this effort was rewarded with a trip to Europe to study fortifications in 1844. While abroad, the Halleck was promoted to first lieutenant. Returning, Halleck gave a series of lectures on military topics at the Lowell Institute in Boston. These were later published as Elements of Military Art and Science and became one of the key works read by officers in the coming decades. Due to his studious nature and his numerous publications, Halleck became known to his peers as Old Brains. With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1846, he received orders to sail for the West Coast to serve as an aide to Commodore William Shubrick. Sailing aboard USS Lexington, Halleck used the long voyage to translate noted theorist Baron Antoine-Henri Jominis Vie politique et militaire de Napoleon into English. Arriving in California, he initially was tasked with building fortifications, but later took part in Shubricks capture of Mazatln in November 1847. Henry Halleck - California: Brevetted to captain for his actions at Mazatln, Halleck remained in California after the wars conclusion in 1848. Assigned as military secretary of state for Major General Bennett Riley, governor of the California Territory, he served as his representative at the 1849 constitutional convention in Monterey. Due to his education, Halleck played a key role in shaping the document and was later nominated to serve as one of Californias first US Senators. Defeated in this effort, he helped found the law firm of Halleck, Peachy Billings. As his legal business increased, Halleck grew wealthy and elected to resign from the US Army in 1854. He married Elizabeth Hamilton, the granddaughter of Alexander Hamilton, that same year. Henry Halleck - The Civil War Begins: An increasingly prominent citizen, Halleck was appointed a major general in the California militia and briefly served as president of the Atlantic Pacific Railroad. With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Halleck promptly pledged his loyalty and services to the Union cause despite his Democratic political leanings. Due to his reputation as a military scholar, Scott immediately recommended Halleck for appointment to the rank of major general. This was approved on August 19 and Halleck became the US Armys fourth-most senior officer behind Scott and Major Generals George B. McClellan and John C. Frà ©mont. That November, Halleck was given command of the Department of the Missouri and dispatched to St. Louis to relieve Frà ©mont. Henry Halleck - War in the West: A talented administrator, Halleck quickly reorganized the department and worked to expand his sphere of influence. Despite his organizational skills, he proved a cautious and difficult commander to serve under as he often kept plans to himself and seldom ventured from his headquarters. As a result, Halleck failed to cultivate relationships with his key subordinates and created an air of mistrust. Concerned about Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grants history of alcoholism, Halleck blocked his request to mount a campaign up the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. This was overturned by President Abraham Lincoln and resulted in Grant winning victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in early 1862. Though troops in Hallecks department won a string of victories in early 1862 at Island No. 10, Pea Ridge, and Shiloh, the period was marred by constant political maneuvering on his part. This saw him relieve and reinstate Grant due to concerns over alcoholism as well as repeated attempts to enlarge his department. Though he played no active role in the fighting, Hallecks national reputation continued to grow due to the performance of his subordinates. In late April 1862, Halleck finally took to the field and assumed command of a 100,000-man force. As part of this, he effectively demoted Grant by making him his second-in-command. Moving cautiously, Halleck advanced on Corinth, MS. Though he captured the town, he failed to bring General P.G.T. Beauregards Confederate army to battle. Henry Halleck - General-in-Chief: Despite his less than stellar performance at Corinth, Halleck was ordered east in July by Lincoln. Responding to McClellans failure during the Peninsula Campaign, Lincoln requested that Halleck become the Union general-in-chief responsible for coordinating the actions of all Union forces in the field. Accepting, Halleck proved disappointing to the president as he failed to encourage the aggressive action that Lincoln desired from his commanders. Already hampered by his personality, Hallecks situation was made more difficult by the fact that many of his nominally subordinate commanders routinely ignored his orders and thought of him as nothing more than a bureaucrat. This proved the case in August when Halleck was unable to convince McClellan to rapidly move to Major General John Popes aid during the Second Battle of Manassas. Losing confidence after this failure, Halleck became what Lincoln referred to as little more than a first rate clerk. Though a master of logistics and training, Halleck contributed little in terms of strategic guidance to the war effort. Remaining in this post through 1863, Halleck continued to prove largely ineffective though his efforts were hampered by interference from Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. On March 12, 1864, Grant was promoted to lieutenant general and made Union general-in-chief. Rather than sack Halleck, Grant shifted him to the position of chief of staff. This change suited the studious general as it allowed him to excel in those areas which he was best suited. As Grant embarked on his Overland Campaign against General Robert E. Lee and Major General William T. Sherman began advancing on Atlanta, Halleck ensured that their armies remained well-supplied and that reinforcements found their way to the front. As these campaigns pushed forward, he also came to support Grant and Shermans concept of total war against the Confederacy. Henry Halleck - Later Career: With Lees surrender at Appomattox and the end of the war in April 1865, Halleck was given command of the Department of the James. He remained in this post until August when he was transferred to the Military Division of the Pacific after quarreling with Sherman. Returning to California, Halleck traveled to newly-purchased Alaska in 1868. The following year saw him return east to assume command of the Military Division of the South. Headquartered at Louisville, KY, Halleck died in this post on January 9, 1872. His remains were buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, NY. Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Major General Henry W. HalleckCivil War: Henry HalleckNNDB: Major General Henry W. Halleck

French colonialism in Tunisia why did the french want to colonize Research Paper

French colonialism in Tunisia why did the french want to colonize Tunisia - Research Paper Example After the exit of the Ottoman Turks from Tunisia, major European powers were involved in a contest as to who would occupy the North African country. The French had to surpass two other European powers, in order for the former to establish its control over Tunisia. Both the British, Italians lost to the French in the occupation and gradual colonization of Tunisia. Accordingly, this essay will seek to establish the factors that led to the French occupation and colonization of Tunisia. Among the possible reasons for the French interest in Tunisia could be economic gain. At the time France was colonizing Tunisia, the latter was in a serious financial predicament, owing to numerous European debts2. Did France stand to gain economically by colonizing a financially weak country? On the other hand, Algeria, already a French protectorate and its proximity to Tunisia was of significance to the French colonists3. We shall also consider that maybe the French wanted to colonize Tunisia so as to i mpose French culture on the Muslim-dominated country. A final factor that could have motivated France to colonize Tunisia would be the need for the former to re-establish itself as a key power in global politics. The only way for France to achieve this imperialism would be through amassing as many colonies as possible. The topic on the French colonization of Tunisia is very intriguing. This is based on the fact that Tunisia is a country that borders the Sahara desert, the largest dessert in the world4. The leaves one wondering what could be so appealing about Tunisia, in order for it to be a centre of interest for three European powers. Particularly, why would France, a country recovering from major losses in Europe such its crush in the Franco-Prussian war want to colonize a country in economic crisis? France was willing to forego its interests in Cyprus to the British, in exchange

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 31

History - Essay Example One of the adherent causes named by many historians is the political conflict that existed at that time. This was the conflict between the monarchy and the nobility over the reform of the tax system that led to paralyses and bankruptcy. This was caused by the enormous amount spend on previous wars, particularly the financial upheaval caused by the French participation in the American revolutionary war. It increased the national debt to between 1000 and 2000 Livres. Secondly, the French revolution was caused by the social burdens caused by the war. This included the huge debt caused that was made worse by the loss of France’s colonial possessions in North America and the increasing dominance of Great Britain. At the time, France had an inefficient and antiquated financial system that was unable to manage the national debt. This was partially caused partially by the burden of inadequate system of taxation. This caused the king to call for an assembly of nobles in 1787. Another cause was the indecisiveness’ of the King of France at that time. He was known as King Louis XVI. It was perceived by the residents of France that the royal court of Versailles was sequestered from and unresponsive to the hardships of the lower classes. King Louis monarchy was an absolute monarchy and this accelerated the revolution, as citizens were unsatisfied with the administration. Stiff resistance from the nationals and the parliament faced this. He reduced the government spending while the parliament successfully thwarted his attempts to enacting the much-needed reforms. The forth cause of the revolution was resentments and aspirations that were given focus by the rise of enlighten nobles. These included the resentments of the royal absolutism. It aimed at eliminating the absolute monarchy system of government. There were also some upheavals that were caused by the peasant farmers, laborers and the poor people from that country.

Slavery in the 1840s Essay Example for Free

Slavery in the 1840s Essay Slavery was always a controversial issue in America. Many people saw slavery as an essential part of life in every aspect, while others saw it as immoral and an injustice to humanity. In the 1840s when Manifest Destiny started to thrive, things began to heat up. New territories meant a possibility for a new slave or free state in America. Because the new territories were allowed the right of popular sovereignty to determine whether they would have slaves or not, abolitionists and non-abolitionists were at a constant battle to gain a new state. Abolitionists wanted slavery diminished in America all together. They gave several arguments to prove their point on why slavery should be abolished. Firstly they stated that slavery was un-Christian. The book of Genesis stated that man was created in the image of God, so all men were created equal. Thus they claimed that anyone that owned slaves would go straight to hell for not adhering to the rules of God that all were equal. Another argument they came about was from a patriotic standpoint from which America was created. The Declaration of Independence states that all men are created equal, but with slavery and a flee for freedom in the nation, it was easily contradicted. As such, Abolitionists called slavery un-American. Another point made by the Abolitionists was that slavery gave unlimited power to slave holders. They could treat slaves however they chose because there were no laws protecting slaves. This is turn corrupted their moral values, according to Abolitionists. In economic viewpoints, slavery was still cruel and wicked to Abolitionists. They argued that free labor would be more beneficial because it would inspire competition and foreign investments and that it would appeal to immigrants. Abolitionists also said that it interfered with free and open trade to the north, which were anti-slavery states and businesses. Another point made was that slavery was politically dangerous because there was always a likelihood that salves could rebel. A massive slave rebellion would lead to a racial war in the United States that no one wanted. While Abolitionists argued their points, Pro-slavery groups gave very good rebuttals. Economically they argued that the end to slavery would kill the economy in the south. Without slaves in the fields collecting and caring for the produce, everything would collapse. Cotton, tobacco, and rice would all fail in the economy and the south would be in economic ruin. Another point pro-slavery people argued was what would happen if slaves were to be let free. They stated that if they were freed, unemployment would rise and there would be an abundance of chaos. All of this would lead to uprisings and bloodshed. Yet another argument that the defenders of slavery used was influenced with history. They claimed that slavery had been a part of history for so long and had become a natural state of mankind. History showed that Greeks, Romans, and English (until recently) had slaves and as such it was a part of human nature. Pro-slavery groups, like Abolitionists, also used religion and the bible as an argument. According to the bible Abraham had slaves, Paul returned a run-away slave in the New Testament, and Jesus never spoke out about slavery though it was widespread. Also non-Abolitionists argued that slaves were better cared for compared to factory workers in the North and the poor people of Europe. They indicated that slave owners would protect and help their slaves when they became sick or aged, unlike others who were left helplessly to fend for themselves once they were fired or released. The slave revolt of 1831 led by Nat Turner gave pro-slavery groups a lift in their arguments. It showed that slavery should be continued to keep the slaves in check and keep a watchful eye on them, to prevent any other chaotic events, which no one sought for. As is shown, slavery was a notorious issue that couldn’t be ignored and slowly spiraled out of control. The issue really started to get out of hand in the 1840s with new territories and the revival of religion in the Second Great Awakening. Both Abolitionists and Pro-slavery groups had arguments that caused a lot of uncertainty throughout the country, and especially in the new territories which were given the choice of slaves or no slaves. All of these arguments, issues and uncertainties that were widespread in the nation were the underlying cause of severe disunity between the North and South and eventually the Civil War.

salaries in pro sports :: essays research papers

Salaries in Professional Sports Back in 1965 if you were playing professional baseball for the richest team in the league you would be earning approximately 35 000$ a year, being the case you’re a standout type player, a â€Å"franchise player† as there also referred to. Thirty-five years later, if you were to hand 35 000$ to a super star, they would turn and laugh. For in today’s game, 35 000$ would not even come close to covering the signing bonus. Somehow over the last thirty-five years or so professional sports has turned from a loveable pastime into a greedy business. The majority of players play no longer for the love of the game; they play only to fatten their wallets. Players in professional sports have somehow lost what brought them to play the game that they loved so much as little children, passion! Players in today’s modern era have traded their passion for glory. Back in the early day of pro sports players would work hard day in day out just to earn enough to support there family, and even then, many athletes had to work outside of there sport just to earn enough money. So you knew that those man played not for the glory nor for the money but for the love of the game. But today, well sadly you really have to wonder sometimes. Can you really say that a man who would turn down 150 million to play pro ball just because he feels he can make 200 million is playing for the right reasons? So now your really only left with one question, what can we do about it? Well you know what, as bad as it is, the problem could be fixed in the blink of an eye. The reason the problem is so simple to fix is because players, even though they might think they do, have absolutely no control what so ever. All the power lies in the hands of the owners. If the owners would decide enough is enough, you would never ever hear about an athlete signing a contract worth 250 million dollars again. You see what truthfully separates the men from the boys in pro sports teams, is talent, and the team with the most talent will win. And the only way to get talent is by handing over the big dollars to the most talented players. That’s why teams like the New York Yankees, and the Detroit Red Wings, and the Los Angeles Lackers rise above the rest, there owners are willing to hand out more of the big bucks to players in order to assure a winning team.

My Greatest Acheivements Essay

When I got the call from the volunteer services office a few days after my interview saying I had been chosen as a volunteer, I was ecstatic. Getting the opportunity to volunteer in a hospital and directly aid doctors and nurses over an entire summer was an honor and I learned many things about a doctor and nurses job from it. My second greatest achievement is starting a book blog, Hidden Gems to help self-published authors market their books. I started my blog Hidden Gems in August 2012, with the hope of reviewing books for self published authors and getting word out about their books. Shortly after setting up my blog and spreading news about the self-published books I got 1000 views in one month. With the high growth of viewers and followers on my blog, I got emails from authors from Australia and publishing houses to review their books. I still try to help self-published authors out and review their books and advertise for them because many of them try to make a living off their books. Helping these published authors is one of my greatest achievements and through this blog I’ve been able to meet other book fanatics like me and hold proper discussions about each book we read. I will continue to write on this blog as long as I can and help these self published authors. – written by kchandwani21

James

The reading that I decided to summarize is called â€Å"The Emergence of the Star System in America† by Richard Decorate. The topic Is very useful because It emphasizes the Idea of the star system. The system Includes different kinds of Information that was created about actors.The velveteen of the system was influenced and developed through three transformations like â€Å"the discourse on acting, the picture personality and the star† The reading is significant because the write takes the reader thought the Journey about what perception of film actors used to be before 1907 and how the incept of performers kept evolving and changing till the year of 1914.The first transformation Is the discourse on acting. Decorate argues that before 1907, film actors were not popular and all the â€Å"Journalistic discourse of the time focused primarily on the scientific aspects of the apparatus†). It was assumed that films were products that did not have any involvement of hum an labor until the rise of another discourse in 1907, the importance of the labor in film production.The discourse led to a new knowledge which created a â€Å"struggle destined to resituated the site of textual radioactivity for the spectator away from the work of the apparatus Itself' Another very Important aspect Is that at the time all those who appeared In films were called picture performers and their activities were described as posing because the activity of acting in film was known only in terms of photography due to â€Å"struggle between a photographic and a theatrical conception of the body' (Decorate, p 19). In 1908, a huge decrease in demand of documentary films led to development of dramatic films.It led too huge popularity of people who appeared in films and who had a lend of the prolific, film and the real stories. The blend led to strengthening of the concept called the picture performer and acceptance of the fact that the â€Å"art of acidulous be translated to the screen† (Decorate, p 22). The acceptance allowed society to legitimate the concept of cinema and get new tastes of consumption like a combination of good action and acting in order to appeal to large audiences. The second transformation is the picture personality.Actors presented themselves with fictional names and public personalities. Three kinds of knowledge appeared hill creating the personality. The first one Is the circulation of the name that emphasizes the â€Å"difficulty of separating the circulation of the players' names and the circulation of the films they were in† (Decorate, p 25). Actors were identified in specific films because of names. The second knowledge is intellectuality. It â€Å"constituted the picture personality† . The knowledge was created by both the cinema and press. Personalities of performers supposed to be Just like their characters had.The knowledge emphasized stage experiences of actors. The last ell known transformation Is the star. Stars have always been â€Å"characterized by a fairy through going articulation of the paradigm professional Life/private life. With the emergence of the star, the question of the player's existence outside his/her work in films entered discourse† Around 1914, there was already no restriction in terms of knowledge and textually of players in films. Personal lives of stars became a new kind of a popular knowledge. Professional and personal lives became self-controlled film characters.Eventually, the main difference between â€Å"the picture personality and he star is that the later supports a family discourse† The redundancy and closure of the two lives led to the emergence of the star concept with its system and power. The writing is very useful it terms of understanding how the concept of the star was created and why it evolved in certain ways. It was also very helpful to understand the emergence in terms of the three key transformations likeliest discourse on acting, the picture personality and the star. The transformations allowed me to learn about interconnected aspects and facts which led to the concept of the star system.

Patient Escorts at City Hospital Essay Example

Patient Escorts at City Hospital Essay Example Patient Escorts at City Hospital Essay Patient Escorts at City Hospital Essay City Hospital is located in the heart of a large Midwestern city. It is one of five major hospitals in the area and has recently built a small addition for treating well-known patients, such as professional football players, top company executives, and singing stars. Visiting or local celebrities always choose City Hospital if they need treatment. City Hospital has about 1200 hospital beds and employs 4500 individuals, including about 40 patient escorts. The job of patient escort is a rather simple one, requiring no special physical or mental talents. The work is easy, few skills are required, and the pay for the job is considered good. When patients need to be moved from one location to another, patient escorts are summoned to assist in the move. If the move is only a short distance, however, a nurse can move the patient. Of particular importance is the fact that patient escorts almost always take patients who are being discharged from their hospital room to the front door of the hospital. A wheelchair is always used, even if the patient is able to walk unassisted. Thus, the typical procedure is for the nurse to call for a patient escort; the escort gets a wheelchair and goes to the patient’s room, assists the patient into the wheelchair, picks up the patient’s belongings, wheels the patient down to the hospital’s front door or to his or her car in the parking lot, and returns to the work station. The job of patient escort is indeed critical to the hospital since the escort is always the last hospital representative the patient sees, and hence has a considerable influence on the patient’s perception of the hospital. Of approximately 40 escorts, about three-fourths are men, and one-fourth are women. Most are high school graduates in their early twenties. Some, particularly those on the early morning shift, are attending college at night and working for the hospital to earn money to pay college expenses. Four of the escorts are older women who had previously served as hospital volunteers and then decided to become full-time employees instead. Turnover among patient escorts is quite high and has averaged 25% in recent years. In addition, upward mobility in the hospital is quite good, and as a result, another 25% of the escorts typically transfer to other jobs in the hospital each year. Thus, about half of the patient escorts need to be replaced annually. The hospital follows a standard procedure when hiring patient escorts. When a vacancy occurs, the human resource department reviews the file of applications of individuals who have applied for the patient escort job. Usually the file contains 15 to 20 applications. Two or three applicants are usually picked and asked to come to the hospital for interview. The applicants are interviewed first by the human resource department and then by the patient escort supervisor. The majority of those interviewed typically know some other employees of the hospital, so the only reference check is a call to these employees. Every new escort attends an orientation program the first day on the job. This is conducted by a member of the hospital’s human resource department. The program consists of a complete tour of the hospital; a review of all the hospital’s HR policies, including a description of its promotion, compensation, and disciplinary policies; and a presentation of the hospital’s mission and philosophy. During this orientation session, employees are told that the hospital’s image in the community is of major importance and that all employees should strive to maintain and enhance this image through their conduct. After orientation, all patient escorts receive on-the-job training by their immediate supervisor. During the last two years, the hospital has experienced a number of problems with patient escorts, which have had an adverse effect on the hospital’s image. Several patients have complained to the hospital administration that they were treated rudely, or in some cases roughly, by one or more patient escorts. Some complained that they were ordered around or scolded by an escort during the discharge process. Others stated that their escorts were careless when wheeling them out of the hospital to their cars. One person reported that an escort carelessly tipped him over. All escorts are required to wear identification tags, but patients usually can’t remember the escort’s name when complaining to the hospital. Additionally, the hospital usually has difficulty determining which escort served which patient because escorts often trade patients. Finally even when the hospital can identify the offending escort, the employees can easily deny any wrongdoing. He or she often counters that patients are generally irritable as a result of their illness and hence are prone to complain at even the slightest provocation. At the request of the hospital’s top management, the assistant human resource director asked the human resource manager, the head of the staffing section within the human resource department, and the chief supervisor of patient escorts to meet with her to review the entire procedure used to select patient escorts. It was hoped that a new procedure could be devised that would eliminate the hiring of rude, insulting, or careless patient escorts. During the meeting, a number of suggestions were made as to how the selection procedure might be improved. Criticisms of the present system were also voiced. The chief supervisor of patient escorts argued that the problem with the hospital’s present system is that the application blank is void of any really useful information. He stated that the questions that really give insights into the employees are no longer on the application blank. He suggested that applicants be asked about their hobbies, outside activities, and their personal likes and dislikes on the application blank. The head of the staffing section suggested that each applicant be asked to submit three letters of recommendation from people who know the applicant well. He wanted these letters to focus on the prospective employee’s personality, particularly the applicant’s ability to remain friendly and polite at all times. The human resource manager contended that the hospital’s interviewing procedure should be modified. He observed that during the interview little attempt is made to determine how the applicant reacts under stress. He suggested that if applicants were asked four or five stress-producing  questions, the hospital might be in a better position to judge their ability to work with irritable patients. The assistant human resource director noted that the attribute patient escorts need is always being courteous and polite. She wondered whether a personality test could be developed that would measure the applicant’s traits toward being friendly and helpful. She suggested that the personality traits that are critical to being a successful patient escort be determined and test questions be developed to evaluate these traits. The test questions could then be administered to the hospital’s existing patient escorts to ascertain whether the personality test accurately distinguishes the best escorts from the worst. She felt that a well-designed personality test might be worth consideration. Basing on the information provided in the case material and your class learning, submit a written assignment (800~1200 words excluding bibliography) answering all of the following case questions. Answer the questions in the order they are asked and answer each question separately instead of weaving several questions together. Make use of headings/subheadings wherever appropriate to facilitate the instructor’s reading and understanding of your assignment. No executive summary is necessary. Case Questions: 1. Evaluate each of the alternative approaches as suggested in the case for solving the problem of selecting patient escorts. 2. Recommend a procedure for recruiting and selecting patient escorts, and 3. Propose other actions, besides improving its recruitment and selection procedures, which the hospital could potentially take to improve the behavior of the patient escorts. General Instructions: This is an individual assignment (not group assignment). Your assignment must have a front page bearing your FULL name, student number, the course title, and some kind of class identification (preferably weekday plus start time of your class, e. g. , Wed 1130). Format of assignment: typed, A4 paper, double-spaced, 12 pt Times New Roman font, 1 inch all margins. This assignment should be submitted on or before the specified due date to the instructor during class. This assignment should be submitted in hard copies; do not submit via email or SOUL.

25 Synonyms for Deceptive and Fake

25 Synonyms for Deceptive and Fake 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Deceptive† and â€Å"Fake 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Deceptive† and â€Å"Fake By Mark Nichol Many words related to deceptive and fake exist, but some have specific senses for distinctive usage. Here are some alternatives to these terms and the related words deceitful and false and their connotations. 1. Assumed: pretended, as in â€Å"an assumed name,† referring to a pseudonym used to conceal one’s identity (and, as a verb, to pretend); also, several unrelated meanings 2. Beguiling: deceptive, duplicitous, or diverting 3. Bogus: not genuine 4. Contrived: false or unnatural 5. Counterfeit: imitation or insincere 6. Delusory: deceptive 7. Dummy: imitation (and, as a noun, a mockup); also, several unrelated meanings 8. Ersatz: imitation or substitute (and generally inferior to the real thing) 9. Factitious: artificial or false 10. Fallacious: deceptive 11. Faux: imitation (usually in the sense of a design element or fashion item that deliberately mimics a more expensive material or fabric such as marble or fur) 12. Feigned: fictitious, or not genuine or real 13. Forged: imitation with intent to deceive; also, an unrelated meaning of being created by pressure and perhaps heat 14. Fraudulent: deceitful 15. Jive: deceitful (said of talk); also, superficial or foolish, or other unrelated meanings 16. Misleading: deceitful 17. Mock: imitation, in the senses of not being genuine or real 18. Phony: counterfeit, false, or fictitious; also, hypocritical 19. Pseudo: false (also a prefix in hyphenated and closed compounds such as pseudo-event and pseudopod) 20. Put-on: pretended 21. Sham: false, not genuine 22. Simulated: fake but intended or made to look genuine 23. Specious: deceptively attractive, or appearing genuine or truthful 24. Spurious: deceitful or imitation 25. Synthetic: not genuine; also, several unrelated meanings Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?What is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Mood vs. Tense

Answer questions action reaserch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer questions action reaserch - Essay Example Moreover, he has formatted the article well according to the guidelines of APA format. He has avoided the use of first-person throughout the paper, and ensured consistent use of third-person. He has also provided substantial justification of the research and projected the current and future effects of social on education. However, he has made several flaws that ought to be improved that include; lack of a strong thesis that can direct the readers on the emphasis of the paper, and complexity that limits the ability of readers to understand. These areas need to be improved through presenting interpretation of the hard vocabulary used in order to make it understandable to wide variety of audiences. French (2012) presents a qualitative study on the topic of effects of alcohol abuse among high school students on their academic performance. He introduces the research with a strong thesis that directs the readers to know what the research majors on. The article has a section entitled abbreviations and acronyms that provide meanings to the abbreviations contained in it. The author has used first-person intonation throughout the paper. Moreover, he has made the paper simple and presented all arguments in a clear manner in order to promote comprehension by the readers. However, there are several suggestions that were not followed that include; use of tense and definition statements. The author has used past tense throughout the article hence failing to provide the implications about future changes that should be done to control the problem of alcohol abuse. He also failed to define the key terms within the paper, and tell the readers about their operational definitions. Croix (2013) presents a quantitative research on unequal education opportunities between public and private schools in West Virginia. The author has obeyed several guidelines on writing style through providing a title and thesis for the research. He has gone ahead to identify the gaps that occur

Is elitism or pluralism a better explanatory theory of the way Essay - 1

Is elitism or pluralism a better explanatory theory of the way American government and politics really operates Why so - Essay Example In simple words, elite administration is an administration which is based on the vested interests of a specific economic class. Pluralism, on the other hand is based on diversity and acceptance and is stated to be implemented for the common good of the people. With special regards to a modern economic, social and political development, pluralism is considered to be the most effective and cost efficient system. Elitism and pluralism are two separate entities. If you feel the need to differentiate between the two, you would need to study their individual characteristics. (Elitism: The future of american foreign policy: elitism versus pluralism) Although there are various attributes attached to the elite, there is no single definition of the term. Likewise, the term elite can also be used to describe a class or group of people who have the required wealth and the essential social status to influence class determination. Listed below are a few personal attributes which are directly linked to the elitist theory. The pluralism concept is often considered essential for the US set up as it is not individualistic in nature and is governed owing to numerous resources. These resources can enhance the overall power of the politicians by providing opportunities in terms of legal authority, prestige, knowledge, skill and monetary benefits. Henceforth, as compared to elite system, the pluralism theory is ideal for the US set up. (Allaboutreligion) (Bryner) The biggest reason which advocates the concept of pluralism is the ability of the pluralistic society to differentiate between potential and actual power. Actual power is undoubtedly the ability to force an individual through compulsive force whereas potential power is the ability to transform a potential resource into usable power. A perfect example of this concept is the currency bills. If there is no power attached to cash, the bills would continue to remain plain pieces of paper and vice versa. The pluralist

Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Freedom - Essay Example Freedom of speech is important in media and press since it heals with public. In a democratic state, of which most states in the world are, the interest and the rights of the state take priority. Politics and freedom to speech is inseparable since politics is the main component of democracy. Some argue that democracy is an idea of peoples self governance. The electorate in such a system must be properly informed and with no constrains for ideas and information to flow. If constrained, the electorate can easily be manipulated to avoid criticisms which are healthy. Accountability process and freedom of speech significantly impacts on the governance quality of a country. The worldwide measure and indicator of the freedom of speech is the freedom of association, freedom of expression and freedom of media. Debating and open discussions in democratic nations is important in the achievement of a stable and more adaptive community. This brings about consensus rather than imposition of laws. Through social interactions, stakeholders of a particular institution are able to engage in discussions that bears development in the direction of the community. Thus, the freedom of speech and expression plays a major role in the world today and it is one of the main pillars of the democracy building. Freedom of worship also means the freedom of religion or freedom of belief. It protects individual and gives them the liberty to choose to believe in the teachings and faith of their choice. Nobody in any part of the world is compelled to follow any specific religion. Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Right covers the fundamentals of the freedom of worship. There are different religions in the world ranging from Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and even Judaism. In pursuit of democracy, a nation should strive as much as possible to tolerate and respect the people’s choice that allows them to worship freely. This was a universal full fledge after the United Nations G eneral Assembly passed a declaration on elimination of all forms of intolerance and religion based discrimination on 25th November 1981. Religion freedom was recognized as a fundamental human right henceforth. (John Winthrop, 2009), the government should allow people to choose religion freely so that long run societal interest to prevail. He pointed out that laws that prevent the freedom of religion seek to preserve belief and power in a particular religion. In a given religion, the way of worship is almost similar but sharply differs between religions. Since there are no laws that prohibit religion choice, it definitely means that the freedom of worship is also guaranteed. This freedom allows people to worship God in their own way and style. In as much as freedom of worship is universal all over in the world, there are no specific and outright laws that dictate and govern on how people should worship. There is also a limit beyond which worship freedom should not go beyond. In pursu it of worship, it musts be within the limits as not to conflict with other laws. In as much as the holy books such as the bible and the Quran being one of the sources of most constitutions in the world, it does not give them prevalence over the constitution. The constitution is the supreme law of any country and any other law that is consistent with it is declared void to the extent of inconsistency. People are free to switch

Looking At The Future Of Broadcasting

Looking At The Future Of Broadcasting Media and TV have changed a lot in those last 2O years but we may think that this change is going to be even faster and more important in the 2O next years. Of course the new media (internet) and the new technologies linked to the internet have completely changed peoples habits. We should not focus on emerging technologies but on emerging cultural practices. So in a first part, we are going to focus on the consumers behavior shift, and then, we are going to get a clear vision of how the future of broadcasting devices is developing according to current movements. Finally, in a third part we are going to expose the following issue: what will the relevant challenge of this multimedia environment transformation be? First, we want to focus on the consumers changing behavior concerning TV and so in this part, we are going to look at the consumers demands regarding TV and Medias. First of all, we can notice that today (and in the future also), consumers know exactly what they want and what they dont want. For example, they dont want so many TV commercials; they are getting fed up with these commercials. Indeed, nowadays people mainly watch TV during their spare time in order to relax and get entertainment. As a consequence, TV commercials are perceived as something boring and intrusive which deprives the viewer of his relaxing and entertaining time. To crown it all the commercials are becoming less efficient than before because people feel bored with them and prefer switching programs or moving to on-demand viewing because there, the commercials are not so numerous. Furthermore, consumers also want TV to become more and more convenient for them, they want and feel the need to have all the control on it and they dont have time to waste on it. We can speak here about time, place, control, money and attention shifting. Time shifting: people want television when it suits them. For instance, they want their programs to start at a convenient time for their schedules and not to adapt their schedules to the programs Place shifting: people want television the way they want it and where they want it. They want to be able to watch television everywhere and on whatever screen they want (TV, computer, smartphone, tabletà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Control shifting: people want to be able to share, talk back, influence. They want to share and express their opinion about what they have watched Money shifting: people want to make a good deal, to have a real value for their money. Attention shifting: people want real values for their attention. Finally, consumers or viewers also want to have more and more choices and opportunities but with less and less time. So, in the future, TV will have to adapt to these new demands in order to seduce consumers. So now, after having considered the shift in the consumers behaviors we can take a look at the technological changes that have occurred in the last decades, these changes are going to be more and more relevant over time. There is no doubt, for instance concerning the importance of internet in the modern shift followed by media and consumers around broadcasting practices. After only two short decades, internet seems to be the most relevant media for a large part of the world. Indeed actual surveys show that internet took a growing part in peoples life; in 2002 internet was considered only by 20% as the essential media in their life instead of 33% in 2007; at the same time Radio has dropped from 26% to 17%. The technological improvements which have accompanied the revolution are numerous but they seem to be characterized by the same objective: to be more efficient to deliverer wherever or whenever the consumers want the information. In order to do so marketers and industrials put a lot of efforts to ease daily life; are we witnessing a technological convergence? Today, you can find in the same apparel TV program broadcasting, radio channel, and internet access to social network or newspaper apps. Thus you can decide, and be the only one who chooses what, when or where youre gone be able to be expose. However, nowadays, people are more likely to move around and be more active; consequently they are not obviously able to hold with the initial scheduling; so in order to counteract this time-shifting problem a lot of technologies enable the viewers to shift the viewing time thanks to simple acts. For example with the emergence of Pay-TV channel, or integrated recorder material the viewers dont have any more time restraint. Maybe in a little time we can believe that we will be able to use both technologies conjointly with mobile devices. In order to conclude this report we can focus on several main points and issues. First, If we can say that, money seems to be the sinews of war; and this one between advertisers and content owners seem to be difficult. Indeed it started 60 years ago with the tremendous event of the birth of television. The advertisers quickly understood that it was a really efficient means to communicate with potential consumers. Nowadays they are still expecting good return on investment, so they expect their messages to reach the largest audience. But today the entry of the PayTV distribution is going to change things. Contents owners are going to be able to target the audience with accuracy that is to say to aim at providing the viewers with the programs they really want in exchange of their money. And its in this context that TV contents owners are going to be more and more powerful. In fact contents owners are going to be able to become greedy because a result of a survey conducted by Nielsen/AIG and according to Jason KIla shows that :Hulus[a payTV distribution] video adver tising service is roughly 2x as effective as traditional TV video advertising services. Our point of view since 2007 has been that if we become the most effective video advertising service, then we could earn higher advertising revenues. As a consequence, we can easily think that in the future, broadcasting is going to be run by economic interests. Moreover, one possible issue with pay TV or TV on demand would be that customers will be able to watch exactly what they want, and so, we may think that the majority of people may like to watch movies or series in order to have fun and relaxation. As a consequence we could notice an increase of the Dallasification phenomena on the TV market because people are usually more seduced by the American programs for entertainment. Moreover, at the same time, people would watch less cultural programs. This phenomenon could lead to the end of the public TV broadcasting service because people would neglect cultural programs in favor of entertainment programs. This, means, that PBS will no longer insure its educating duty and therefore its role would be questionable. So now, one question can be raised: how will PBS adapt itself to the future in order to stay visible and useful to the viewers? Does it also mean that we are drawn into a purely commercial and selfish society which is going to be in terested only in entertainment and the current affairs that happen within its community?